lb 



OBSERVED ICE GROWTH 

 ARCHANGEL, RUSSIA - 12-YEAR AVERAGE 





* 

















13 







fl, = INITIAL ICE THICKNESS 

 h c = INITIAL SNOW THICKNES 

 COMPUTED ICE GROWTH 

 ROM KOLESNIKOV'S EQUATION (i 



S 



















f 



12) 



«« 















11 

 10 

 9 

 8 

 7 









■ OBt 



kKVt 



U 





~ COMPUTE 





\&* 































y. 



>s* 





































4^ 













































$C, 



leo^' 

























fcW 



^^ 







































































S* 







.<< 



e25 _77 ein ' 









20 C 



n. 



m. 



























tftt 







13)'^ >6 oc 



3 





















&^" 



















































































































































80 100 20 40. 60 80 200 20 40 60 80 300 20 40 60 

 DEGREE DAYS OF FROST (°C.) 



FIG. 14. OBSERVED AND COMPUTED ICE GROWTH AT ARCHANGEL, U.S.S.R. 















1 













2 3.0 C 































'' 



21 



6"C 

















06 



SERVED 

































AVEf 



)AGE AIR TE 



MPERATURE 















IN 



TIAL ICE ■ 



r HICKNESS« 



72 cm. 

























a" — co 

 A i 



MPUTED F 



1 



ROM EQUAT 

 1 



ION 22 . 















TIME (DAYS) 

 FIG. 15. OBSERVED AND COMPUTED ICE GROWTH, DENMARK 

 EXPEDITION RECORDS.NOV. I,I906,T0 FEB. 8,1907. 



26 



