D. PHYSICAL CONSTANTS USED IN NUMERICAL EVALUATION 



In the practical numerical evaluation of Kolesnikov's formula (22) 

 for a given set of meteorological conditions, the following values for 

 the physical constants involved were used. 



1. Density of Sea Ice 



Utilizing the investigations of Malmgren (1927), which indicate 

 the independence of the ice density front the salinity, ..the value of the 

 ice density was taken as /° ■ 0.916, 



2. Latent Heat of Fusion 



The latent heat of fusion depends upon ths salt content of the ice. 

 Malmgren's investigations give the following value for/^C, the latent heat 

 of fusion: / S . \ 



where S]_ is the salinity of the ice and Sm ' is the salinity of the sea 

 water. The formula indicates that the value of K decreases with increase 

 in salinity and increases with Increase of sea water salinity for a 

 given salinity of ice. ,, s 



3. Specific Heat of Sea Ice (C]_) 



The specific heat of sea ice is dependent upon the salinity. How- 

 ever, this dependency is well marked only for small negative temperatures, 

 i.e., in the vicinity of 0°C. For large negative temperatures the de- 

 pendency of the specific tieat upon salinity is greatly decreased. 

 Malmgren's observations indicate that after the initial stages of ice 

 formation, for temperatures between -8° and ™14°C S and for salinities of 

 from 4 to 6 °/oo, the specific heat varies between 0.57 and 0.88. There- 

 fore, by using small time intervals in the forecast, the specific heat may 

 be considered as a constant. 



4. Thermal Conductivity of Sea Ice ( \j) 



As between the one actually observed determination Of the thermal 

 conductivity of sea ice by Malmgren of .0051 cal/cm?/sec» and the value 

 of .0045 found by three Russian scientists, Kole'shikov considers this 

 latter value the more reliable. 



5. Thermal Conductivity of Snow ( X ) 



Abels' (1892) formula for the thermal conductivity of snow is used? 



\ =, o. ooea /g 2 



