CONTENTS 



Page 



CONVERSION FACTORS, U.S. CUSTOMARY TO METRIC (SI) I5 



SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS 16 



I INTRODUCTION 23 



1 . Background 23 



2. Floating Breakwater Applicability 24 



3. Basic Floating Ereakwa ter Groups 25 



4. General Operational Aspects 28 



5. The Study Objective 31 



II THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF FLOATING BREAKWATER PERFORMANCE 31 



1. Fixed Rigid Structures 31 



2. Dynamics of Elastically Moored Floating Breakwaters 33 



3. Theoretical Model Developments 37 



4. Applicability of Regular Wave Coefficients to Irregular Wave Climates 50 



III PONTOON FLOATING BREAKWATERS 51 



1. Single Pontoon 51 



2. Double Pontoons 62 



3. Catamaran-Type (Twin Pontoons) 62 



4. Alaska-Type Floating Breakwater 73 



5. Hybrid Pontoon Structures 81 



6. Construction Materials and Techniques 88 



IV SLOPING-FLOAT (INCLINED PONTOON) BREAKWATER 94 



1. Users and Applicability 95 



2. Analytical Investigation • 96 



3. Experimental Investigation 98 



4. Application to Random Open-Ocean Waves 110 



5. Performance Summary 114 



V SCRAP-TIRE FLOATING BREAKWATERS 117 



1. Wave-Maze Scrap-Tire Floating Breakwater Concept 118 



2. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Concept 124 



3. Wave-Guard Scrap-Tire Floating Breakwater Concept 137 



4. Simple Mat-Type Scrap-Tire Floating Breakwater 139 



5. Theoretical Considerations 140 



6. Construction Aspects • 143 



7. Estimated Scrap-Tire Floating Breakwater Cost . . 147 



VI A-FRAME ARRANGEMENT FLOATING BREAKWATERS 149 



1. Twin-Log Floating Breakwater 150 



2. Twin-Cylinder Floating Breakwater 153 



3. A-Frame Floating Breakwater 156 



VII TETl'.ERED-FLOAT BREAKWATER 166 



1. Operational Theory 166 



2. Performance Estimation 167 



3. Potential Open-Ocean Applications 172 



4. Tether Termination Assembly 180 



5. Economic Feasibility Studies 182 



VIII POROUS-WALLED FLOATING BREAKWATERS 184 



1. Perforated Portable Floating Breakwater Units 184 



2. Open-Tube Floating Breakwater System... 189 



IX PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC BREAKWATERS 196 



1. Pneumatic Breakwater System 198 



2. Hydraulic Breakwater System - 208 



X FLEXIBLE-MEMBRANE FLOATING BREAKWATERS 219 



1 . Membrane Layers 219 



2. Floating Fluid-Filled Bags 231 



XI TURBULENCE-GENERATOR FLOATING BREAKWATERS 239 



1. Seabreaker Floating Breakwater 239 



2. Harris Floating Breakwater 241 



3. Parabolic Beaches 24 5 



4. Wave Tripper Floating Breakwater 248 



