CONTENTS 



Page 

 CONVERSION FACTORS, U.S. CUSTOMARY TO METRIC (SI) 9 



SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS 10 



I WAVE FORCE ANALYSIS 17 



1. Wave Force Components on Pipelines 



Near the Bottom 17 



2. Wave-Induced Lift Forces 19 



3. Model for Wave- Induced Lift Forces 26 



4. Extension of Model to Higher Order Theories 32 



II EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 36 



1. Experimental Equipment 36 



2. Procedure for Two-Dimensional Experiments . 45 



3. Procedure for Three-Dimensional Experiments 51 



4. Data Reduction 53 



III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 58 



1. Resultant Force Through Wave Cycle 58 



2. Orientation Angle Considerations 75 



3. Interrelationships Between C^, cj), and k 77 



4. Relationships Between (j) and k and Parameters 



Defining the Wave and Pipeline Conditions 89 



5. Relationships Between (j) (clear/Dia) and k (clear/Dia) 



and Parameters Defining the Wave and Pipeline 



Conditions 104 



6. Relationships Between the Coefficients of Lift and 



Parameters Defining the Wave and Pipeline Conditions. . 109 



7. Relationships Between the Lift Forces and Parameters 



Defining the Wave and Pipeline Conditions 109 



8. Relationships Involving the Vertical Coefficients 



of Mass and Drag and the Vertical Inertial and 



Drag Forces Ill 



9. Relationships Between the Horizontal Coefficient of 



Mass and Parameters Describing the Wave and 

 - Pipeline Conditions .... Ill 



10. Relationships Involving the Horizontal Coefficient 



of Drag 113 



11. Example Problems 113 



IV CONCLUSIONS '. . 7 117 



V RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 121 



LITERATURE CITED 123 



