UNCLASSIFIED 



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READ INSTRUCTIONS 

 BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 



1. REPORT NUMBER 



TP 77-11 



2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 



3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER 



4. TITLE fand Subtille; 



FORCES EXERTED BY WAVES ON A PIPELINE 

 AT OR NEAR THE OCEAN BOTTOM 



5. TYPE OF REPORT 4 PERIOD COVERED 



Technical Paper 



6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 



Technical Report HEL 9-24 



7. AUTHORfs; 



George L. Bowie 



8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERfs) 



DACW72-74-C-0004 



PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 



University of California 

 Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory 

 Berkeley, California 94720 



F31234 



11. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 



Department of the Army 



Coastal Engineering Research Center (CEREN-DE) 



Kingman Building, Fort Belvoir. Virginia 22060 



REPORT DATE 



October 1977 



13. NUMBER OF PAGES 



177 



14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME a ADDRESSf;/ dlllerent from Controlling Office) 



IS. SECURITY CLASS, (of thie report) 



UNCLASSIFIED 



16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of till e Report) 



Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 



17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT fo/ (he ebs 



ntered in Block 20, if different from Report) 



18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 



19. KEY WORDS (Co 



ssary and identify by block number) 



Submarine pipeline 



Two- and three-dimensional experiments 



Wave force analysis 



Wave-induced lift forces 



20. ABSTRACT (Conlinu 



Tso side if neceaaary and identify by block i 



The wave-induced forces on a submarine pipeline near the ocean floor 



consist of several components--inertial forces, drag forces, lift forces, 



and under some conditions, eddy-induced forces. For a pipeline touching 



the bottom, or at a small clearance above the bottom, the lift force is 



the predominant force in the vertical direction. This force is generally 



expressed as F^ = 1/2 Cl p A u^, and is added as a lift term to the Morison 



equation. rr .-■ J^ 



(Continued) 



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