CONTENTS 



Page 



CONVERSION FACTORS, U.S. CUSTOMARY TO METRIC (SI) 17 



I INTRODUCTION (R.Y. Hudson) . . . .' 19 



1. Purpose and Scope 19 



2. Historical Development of Hydraulics and Scale-Model Techniques . . 19 



3. Use of Models to Aid in Solution of Coastal Problems 21 



LITERATURE CITED 23 



II PRINCIPLES OF SIMILARITY, DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS, AND SCALE MODELS 



(;?. y. Hudson and G.H. Keulegan) 24 



1. Dynamic Similarity 24 



a. The Froude Number 26 



b. The Reynolds Number 27 



c. The Weber and Mach-Cauchy Numbers 27 



d. Similitude Ratios 28 



e. Importance of Reynolds and Froude Numbers 28 



2. Similarity by Dimensional Analysis 30 



3. Similarity by Differential Equations 35 



a. Undistorted Model (Intermediate Depth Waves, 0.05 < d/X < 0.5) 36 



b. Distorted Model (Long Waves, < d/X < 0.05) 41 



LITERATURE CITED 47 



:il ESTUARIES iF.A. Herrmann, Jr.) 48 



1. Introduction 48 



2. Model Design Considerations 52 



a. Similitude Relations 52 



b. Selection of Model Scales 57 



c. Scale Effects 59 



d. Model Limits 60 



e. Field Data Required 65 



3. Model Construction 74 



a. Construction Procedures 74 



b. Tide Generation 77 



c. Model Appurtenances, Instrumentation, and Measurements .... 86 



4. Model Verification 96 



a. Tides 97 



b. Currents 98 



c. Salinity 104 



d. Hurricane Surges 109 



e. Shoaling 109 



f. Dye Dispersion 117 



g. Heat Dispersion 117 



5. Utilization of Scale Models 117 



a. Problems Susceptible to Model Analysis 117 



b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Scale Models 122 



c. Complementarity of Scale and Mathematical Models 123 



d. Predictive Capabilities 125 



6. Examples of Model Studies Conducted 126 



a. Navigation Channel Shoaling 126 



b. Environmental Impact of Navigation Channel Enlargement .... 129 



c. Navigation Conditions 137 



d. Training Structures 140 



e. Disposal Islands 143 



f. Submerged Disposal Areas 146 



g. Flushing 148 



