CONTENTS— Continued 



Page 



d. Seawalls 326 



e. Floating Breakwaters 326 



f. Pneumatic Breakwaters 330 



g. Hydraulic Breakwaters. . 332 



3. Model Design 333 



a. Field Data Required 333 



b. Selection of Linear Scale 335 



c. Scale Effects 339 



4. Model Operation 345 



a. Selection of Test Conditions 345 



b. Generation of Test Waves 347 



c. Construction of Model Structures 355 



d. Measurement of Waves and Wave Forces 361 



e. Analysis and Interpretation of Results 366 



5. Utilization of Hydraulic Models 368 



a. Problems Susceptible to Model Analysis 368 



b. Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydraulic Models 368 



c. Examples of Model Studies Conducted 369 



d. Cost and Time Estimates 442 



LITERATURE CITED 445 



VII INLETS (R.A. Sager and L.Z. Hales) 453 



1. Introduction 453 



a. Fixed-Bed, Undistorted-Scale, Sectional Model 456 



b. Fixed-Bed, Undistorted-Scale, Complete Model 456 



c. Fixed-Bed, Distorted-Scale, Sectional Model 456 



d. Fixed-Bed, Distorted-Scale, Complete Model 456 



e. Movable-Bed Sectional Model 456 



f. Movable-Bed Complete Model 457 



2. Planning for a Model Study 457 



3. Physical Modeling of Tidal Inlets 462 



a. Similitude 463 



b. Model Design 467 



c. Model Construction 468 



4. Fixed-Bed, Undistorted-Scale Models 469 



a. Model Verification 469 



b. Model Verification for Tidal Constituents 470 



c. Model Tests 471 



5. Fixed-Bed, Distorted-Scale Models 471 



6. Movable-Bed Models 472 



a. Theoretical Aspects of Movable-Bed Material Modeling 472 



b. Prototype Data Requirements 476 



c. Model Verification 477 



d. Model Tests 479 



7. Postconstruction Verification . 480 



8. Examples of Model Studies Conducted 480 



a. New Inlet Construction and the Effects on Shoaling, 



Navigation and Water Quality 481 



b. Hydraulic Characteristics of Inlet and Hurricane Surge Study . 489 



c. Stabilization of Navigation Channel and Sand Bypassing .... 496 



d. Improvement of Navigation Channel 502 



9. Summary 516 



LITERATURE CITED 518 



APPENDIX SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS 521 



