28 



time and place of meetings: powers. 



(c) Determination by Administrator of 



models or classes of motor ve'.ilcies 

 quallf-ylng as low-emlsslon vehicles. 



(d) Certlflcatlon by Bo.-ird; specldcatlons for 



•ultable substitutes; criteria (or certld- 

 catlon; term of certification; procedure 

 for certlflcatton. 

 (•) Acquisition by Federal government by 

 purchase or lease; procurement costs; 

 contract provisions. 



(f) Priority for purchase by procuring 



agency. 



(g) Waiver of statutory price limitations. 

 (h) Testing of emissions from certlflud low- 



emlssloa vehicles purchased by the 

 Federal government; procedure; reeer- 

 Uflcatlon. 

 (1) Authorization of appropriations. 

 (J) Promulgation by Board Implementing 

 procedures. 

 1857f-7. Definitions. 

 1857f-8. Repealed. 



Part B. — Aircraft Emission Standards 



1857f-9. Establishment of standards. 



(a) Study; report; hearings; Issuance of 



regulations, 

 (b) Effective date of regulations. 

 (0) Consulatlon with Secretary of transporta- 

 tion. 

 1867f-10. Enforcement of standards; regulations by Sec- 

 retary of Transportation; proceedings to 

 amend, modify, suspend, or revoke certificates. 

 18S7f-n. State standards and controls. 

 1857f-12. Definitions. 



§1857f-l. Establishment of standards. 



(a) Air pollutant emissions. 



Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of 

 this section — 



(1) The Administrator shall by regulation 

 prescribe (and from time to time revise) in 

 accordance with the provisions of this section, 

 standards applicable to the emission of any air pol- 

 lutant from any class or classes of new motor ve- 

 hicles or new motor vehicle engines, which in his 

 judgment causes or contributes to, or is likely to 

 cause or to contribute to, air pollution which en- 

 dangers the public health or welfare. Such stand- 

 ards shall be applicable to such vehicles and en- 

 gines for their useful life (as determined under 

 subsection (d) of this section) , Whether such vehi- 

 cles and engines are designed as complete systems 

 or incorporated devices to prevent or control such 

 pollution. 



(2) Any regulation prescribed under this sub- 

 section (and any revision thereof) shall take eflect 

 after such period as the Administrator finds nec- 

 essary to permit the development and application 

 of the requisite technology, giving appropriate 

 consideration to the cost of compliance within 

 such period. 



(b) Model year 1975, reduction requirement; model 

 year 1976, reduction requirement; promulgation; 

 report to Congress; suspension of standards; 

 interim standards. 



(1)(A) The regulations under subsection (a) of 

 this section applicable to emissions of carbon mon- 

 oxide and hydrocarbons from light duty vehicles and 

 engines manufactured during or after model year 



1975 shall contain standards which require a reduc- 

 tion of at least 90 per centum from emissions of 

 carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons allowable under 

 the standards under this section applicable to light 

 duty vehicles and engines manufactured In model 

 year 1970. 



(B) The regulations under subsection (a) of this 

 section applicable to emissions of oxides of nitrogen 

 from light duty vehicles and engines manufactured 

 during or after model year 1976 shall contain stand- 

 ards which require a reduction of at least 90 per 

 centum from the average of emissions of oxides of 

 nitrogen actually measured from light duty vehicles 

 manufactured during model year 1971 which are not 

 subject to any Federal or State emission standard 

 for oxides of nitrogen. Such average of emissions 

 shall be determined by the Administrator on the 

 basis of measurements made by him. 



(2) Emission standards under paragraph ( 1) , and 

 measurement techniques on which such standards 

 are based (if not promulgated prior to December 31, 

 1970), shall be prescribed by regtUation within 180 

 days after such date. 



(3) For purposes of this part — 



(A) (i) The term "mcsdel year" with reference 

 to any specific calendar year means the manu- 

 facturer's annual production period (as deter- 

 mined by the Administrator) which Includes 

 January 1 of such calendar year. If the manu- 

 facturer has no annual production period, the 

 term "model year" shall mean the calendar year. 



(il) For the purprase of assuring that vehicles 

 and engines manufactured before the beginning 

 of a model year were not manufactured for pur- 

 poses of circumventing the effective date of a 

 standard required to be prescrit)ed by subsection 

 (b) of this section, the Administrator may pre- 

 scribe regulations defining "model year" otherwise 

 than as provided in clause (1). 



(B) The term "light duty vehicles and engines" 

 means new light duty motor vehicles and new 

 light duty motor vehicle engines, as determined 

 under regulations of the Administrator. 



(4) On July 1 of 1971, and of each year thereafter, 

 the Administrator shall report to the Congress with 

 respect to the development of systems necessary to 

 implement the emission standards established pur- 

 suant to this section. Such reports shall Include 

 Information regarding the continuing effects of such 

 air pollutants subject to standards under this sec- 

 tion on the public health and welfare, the extent 

 and progress of efforts being made to develop the 

 necessary systems, the costs associated with devel- 

 opment and application of such systems, and fol- 

 lowing such hearings as he may deem advisable, any 

 recommendations for additional congressional ac- 

 tion necessary to achieve the purposes of this chap- 

 ter. In gathering information for the purposes of 

 this paragraph and in connection with any hearing, 

 the provisions of section 1857h-5(a) of this title 

 (relating to subpenas) shall apply. 



(5) (A) At any time after January 1, 1972, any 

 manufacturer may file with the Administrator an 

 application requesting the susi>enslon for one year 

 only of the effective date of any emission standard 



