469 



Tanner Crab — Chionoecetes opilio ; 

 Tanner Crab — Chionoecetes angulatus; 

 Tanner Crab — Chionoecetes bairdi; 

 King Crab — Paralithodes camtschatica; 

 King Crab — Paralithodes platypus; 

 King Crab — Paralithodes brevipes; 

 Lobster — Homarus americanus ; 

 Dungeness Crab — Cancer magister; 

 California King Crab — Paralithodes califomien- 

 sis; 



California King Crab — Paralithodes rathbuni; 

 Golden King Crab — Lithodes aequispinus; 

 Northern Stone Crab — Lithodes maja; 

 Stone Crab — Menippe mercenaria; and 

 Deep-sea Red Crab — Geryon quinquedens. 



Molusks 



Red Abalone — Haliotis rufescens; 

 Pink Abalone — Haliotis corrugata; 

 Japanese Abalone — Haliotis kamtschatkana; 

 Queen Conch — Strombus gigas ; 

 Surf Clam — Spisula solidissima ; and 

 Ocean Quahog — Artica islandica. 



Sponges 



Glove Sponge — Hippiospongia canaliculata; 



Sheepswool Sponge — Hippiospongia lachne; 



Grass Sponge — Spongia graminea; and 



Yellow Sponge — Spongia barbera. 

 If the Secretary determines, after consultation 

 with the Secretary of State, that living organisms 

 of any other sedentary species are, at the harvest- 

 able stage either — 



(A) immobile on or under the seabed, or 



(B) unable to move except in constant physi- 

 cal contact with the seabed or subsoil. 



of the Continental Shelf which appertains to the 

 United States, and publishes notice of such deter- 

 mination in the Federal Register, such sedentary 

 species shall be considered to be added to the fore- 

 going list and included in such term for purposes 

 of this Act. 



(5) The term "Council" means any Regional 

 Fishery Management Council established under 

 section 302. 



(6) The term "fish" means finfish, moUusks, 

 crustaceans, and all other forms of marine animal 

 and plant life other than marine mammals, birds, 

 and highly migratory species. 



(7) The term "fishery" means — 



(A) one or more stocks of fish which can be 

 treated as a unit for purposes of conservation 

 and management and which are identified on the 

 basis of geographical, scientific, technical, rec- 

 reational, and economic characeristics ; and 



(B) any fishing for such stocks. 



(8) The term "fishery conservation zone" means 

 the fishery conservation zone established by sec- 

 tion 101. 



(9) The term "fishery resource" means any 

 fishery, any stock of fish, any species of fish, and 

 any habitat of fish. 



(10) The term "fishing" means — 



(A) the catching, taking, or harvesting of 

 flsh; 



(B) the attempted catching, taking, or har- 

 vesting of fish; 



(C) any other activity which can reasonably 

 be expected to result in the catching, taking, or 

 harvesting of fish ; or 



(D) any operations at sea in support of, or in 

 preparation for, any activity described in sub- 

 paragraphs (A) through (C) . 



Such term does not include any scientific research 

 activity which is conducted by a scientific research 

 vessel. 



(11) The term "fishing vessel" means any ves- 

 sel, boat, ship, or other craft which is used for, 

 equipped to be used for, or of a type which is nor- 

 mally used for — * 



(A) fishing; or 



(B) aiding or assisting one or more vessels at 

 sea in the performance of any activity relating 

 to fishing, including, but not limited to, prepara- 

 tion, supply, storage, refrigeration, transporta- 

 tion, or processing. 



(12) The term "foreign fishing" means fishing 

 by a vessel other than a vessel of the United States. 



(13) The term "high seas" means all waters 

 beyond the territorial sea of the United States and 

 beyond any foreign nation's territorial sea, to the 

 extent that such sea is recognized by the United 

 States. 



(14) The term "highly migratory species" means 

 species of tuna which, in the course of their life 

 cycle, spawn and migrate over great distances in 

 waters of the ocean. 



(15) The term "international fishery agree- 

 ment" means any bilateral or multilateral treaty, 

 convention, or agreement which relates to fishing 

 and to which the United States is a party. 



(16) The term "Marine Fisheries Commission" 

 means the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Com- 

 mission, the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commis- 

 sion, or the Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission. 



(17) The term "national standards" means the 

 national standards for fishery conservation and 

 management set forth in section 301. 



(18) The term "optimum", with respect to the 

 yield from a fishery, means the amount of fish — 



(A) which will provide the greatest overall 

 benefit to the Nation, with particular reference 

 to food production and recreational opportuni- 

 ties; and 



(B) which is prescribed as such on the basis 

 of the maximum sustainable yield from such 

 fishery, as modified by any relevant economic, 

 social, or ecological factor. 



(19) The term "person" means any individual 

 (whether or not a citizen or national of the United 

 States), any corporation, partnership, association, 

 or other entity (whether or not organized or exist- 

 ing under the laws of any State) , and any Federal, 

 State, local, or foreign government or any entity of 

 any such government. 



(20) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary 



