589 



them shall keep out of the way of the other as 

 follows — 



(i) When each has the wind on a different side, 

 the vessel which has the wind on the port side 

 shall keep out of the way of the other. 



(ii) When both have the wind on the same side, 



the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of 



the way of the vessel which is to leeward. 



(b) For the purposes of this section the windward 



side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that 



on which the mainsail is carried or, in the case of 



a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on 



which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried. 



(Pub. L. 88-131, § 4. Sept. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 205.) 



§1080. Power-driven vessels meeting end on; defini- 

 tion (Rule 18). 



(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting 

 end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of 

 collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, 

 so that each may pass on the port side of the other. 

 This section only applies to cases where vessels are 

 meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner 

 as to involve risk of collision, and does not apply to 

 two vessels which must, if both keep on their re- 

 spective course, pass clear of each other. The only 

 cases to which it does apply are when each of two 

 vessels is end on, or nearly end on, to the other; 

 in other words, to cases in which, by day, each vessel 

 sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a 

 line, with her own; and by night, to cases in which 

 each vessel is in such a position as to see both the 

 sidelights of the other. It does not apply, by day, 

 to cases in which a vessel sees another ahead cross- 

 ing her own course; or, by night, to cases where the 

 red light of one vessel is opposed to the red light of 

 the other or where the green light of one vessel is 

 opposed to the green light of the other or where 

 a red light without a green light or a green light 

 without a red light is seen ahead, or where both 

 green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead. 



(b) For the purposes of this section and sections 

 1081 to 1091 of this title inclusive, except section 

 1082(c) and section 1090 of this title, a seaplane 

 on the water shall be deemed to be a vessel, and the 

 expression "power-driven vessel" shall be construed 

 accordingly. (Pub. L. 88-131, § 4, Sept. 24, 1963, 77 

 Stat. 205.) 



§ 1081. Power-driven vessels crossing (Rule 19). 



When two power-driven vessels are crossing, so as 

 to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the 

 other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the 

 way of the other. (Pub. L. 88-131, § 4, Sept. 24. 

 1963, 77 Stat. 206.) 



§ 1082. Vessels or seaplanes meeting (Rule 20). 



(a) When a power-driven vessel and a sailing 

 vessel are proceeding in such directions as to involve 

 risk of collision, except as provided for in sections 

 1086 and 1088 of this title, the power-driven vessel 

 shall keep out of the way of the sailing vessel. 



(b) This section shall not give to a sailing vessel 

 the tight to hamper, in a narrow channel, the safe 



passage of a power-driven vessel which can navi- 

 gate only inside such channel. 



(c) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep 

 well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their 

 navigation. In circumstances, however, where risk 

 of collision exists, she shall comply with sections 

 1061 to 1094 of this title. (Pub. L. 88-131, § 4, Sept. 

 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 206.) 



§ 1083. Vessels having right of way; duty in aiding to 

 avert collision (Rule 21). 



Where by any of sections 1061 to 1094 of this title 

 one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the 

 other shall keep her course and speed. When, 

 from any cause, the latter vessel finds herself so 

 close that collision cannot be avoided by the action 

 of the giving-way vessel alone, she also shall talce 

 such action as will best aid to avert collision (see 

 sectioris 1089 and 1091 of this title). (Pub. L. 88- 

 131. § 4. Sept. 24. 1963, 77 Stat. 206.) 



§1084. Positive action to keep out of way; crossing 

 ahead of vessel having right of way (Rule 22). 



Every vessel which is directed by sections 1061 to 



1094 of this title to keep out of the way of another 



vessel shall, so far as possible, take positive early 



action to comply with this obligation, and shall, if 



the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing 



ahead of the other. (Pub. L. 88-131, § 4, Sept. 24, 



1963, 77 Stat. 206 ) 



§ 1085. Duty to slacken speed, stop or reverse (Rule 

 23). 



Every power-driven vessel which is directed by 

 sections 1061 to 1094 of this title to keep out of the 

 way of another vessel shall, on approaching her. 

 if necessary, slacken her speed or stop or reverse. 

 (Pub. L. 88-131, § 4, Sept. 24, 1963, 77 SUt. 206.) 

 § 1086. Overtaking vessel to keep out of way (Rule 24). 



(a) Notwithstanding anything contained In sec- 

 tions 1061 to 1094 of this title, every vessel overtaking 

 any other shall keep out of the way of the overtaken 

 vessel. 



(b) Every vessel coming up with another vessel 

 from any direction more than 22 '^ degrees (2 

 points) abaft her beam. i.e.. in such a position, with 

 reference to the vessel which she is overtaking, that 

 at night she would be unable to see either of that 

 vessel's sidelights, shall be deemed to be an over- 

 taking vessel; and no subsequent alteration of the 

 bearing between the two vessels shall make the 

 overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the mean- 

 ing of sections 1061 to 1094 of this title, or relieve 

 her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken 

 vessel until she is finally past and clear. 



(c) If the overtaking vessel cannot determine 

 with certainty whether she is forward of or abaft 

 this direction from the other vessel, she shall assume 

 that she is an overtaking vessel and keep out of the 

 way. (Pub. L. 88-131, § 4, Sept. 24, 1963. 77 Stat. 

 206.) 



§ 1087. Power-driven vessels in narrow channels; 

 nearing bends therein (Rule 25). 



(a) In a narrow channel every power-driven ves- 

 sel when proceeding along the course of the chan- 



