609 



of the United States covering all matters not spe- 

 cifically delegated by law to some other executive 

 departnaent; shall develop, establish, maintain, and 

 operate, with due regard to the requirements of na- 

 tional defense, aids to maritime navigation, ice- 

 breaking facilities, and rescue facilities for the pro- 

 motion of safety on, under, and over the high seas 

 and waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United 

 States; shall, pursuant to international agreements, 

 develop, establish, maintain, and operate icebreaking 

 facilities on, under, and over waters other than the 

 high seas and waters subject to the jurisdiction of 

 the United States; shall engage in oceanographic re- 

 search of the high seas and in waters subject to the 

 jurisdiction of the United States; and sliall maintain 

 a state of readiness to function as a specialized serv- 

 ice in the Navy in time of war, (Aug. 4. 1949, ch. 393, 

 63 Stat, 496, amended Oct. 5, 1961, Pub. L. 87-396, 

 § 1, 75 Stat. 827; June 12. 1970, Pub. L. 91-278, § HI). 

 84 Stat, 304; Dec. 13, 1974, Pub. L. 93-519, 88 Stat. 

 1659.) 



AMrNDMENTS 



1974 — Pub. L. 93-519 added the provision requiring the 

 Coast Guard to develop, establish, maintain and operate, 

 pursuant to international agreements, Icebreaking facili- 

 ties in waters other than those subject to the Jurisdiction 

 of the United States. 



Historical and Revision Notes 

 Reviser's Note. This section defines In general terms, 

 for the first time in any statute, all the primary duties 

 of the Coast Guard. It Is derived from title 14, U. S. C. 

 1946 ed., §§ 45. 50k— 50o. 51. 52. 53, 55. 60, 61, 62. 63. 98a. 

 104, 261. 301. title 33. U S C. 1946 ed §§ 720. 720a, 740, 

 740a. 740b. title 46. U. S. C. 1946 ed . §§ 1 (footnote). 2 

 (R S. 1536, 2747, 2758, 2759. 4249; June 23. 1874. ch. 456. 

 § 1. 18 Stat. 220; June 18. 1878. ch. 265. § 4, 20 Stat. 163: 

 July 5. 1884. ch. 221, § 2, 23 Stat. 118: Feb. 14. 1903. ch. 562, 



§ 10. 32 Stat. 829: Apr. 19, 1906. ch. 1640. 55 1—3. 34 Stat. 

 123; May 12, 1906, ch. 2454, 34 Stat 190; June 17. 1910, 

 ch. 301. 51 6. 7. 36 Stat. 538; Mar. 4. 1913. ch. 141, § 1, 37 

 Stat. 736: June 24. 1914. ch 124, 38 Stat. 387; Mar. 3. 1915, 

 ch. 81. 5 5. 38 Stat 927: Aug 29. 1916. ch 417. 39 Stat. 

 1820: May 22. 1926. ch 371. 5 6. 44 Stat. 626; June 30, 

 1932. ch. 314, § 501, 47 Stat. 415: May 27, 1936, ch. 463, 

 § 1. 49 Stat. 1380; Aug. 16. 1937. ch. 665, 5 3, 50 Stat. 667; 

 Feb 19. 1941. ch 8. §5 2. 201. 55 Stat. 9. 11; July 11. 1941, 

 ch. 290. 5 7. 55 Stat. 585: Nov. 23, 1942. ch. 639. § 2 (2), 

 56 Stat. 102; Sept. 30. 1944. ch. 453. § 1, 58 Stat. 759; June 

 22. 1948. ch. 600, 62 Stat. 574; June 26, 1948, ch. 672. 62 

 Stat. 1050). 



This section contains a codification of functions. It 

 sets forth In general language the primary responslbllltHs 

 of the Coast Guard: enforcement of all Federal laws on 

 waters to which they have application, safety of life and 

 property at sea. aiding navigation, and readiness to func- 

 tion with the Navy. Having been created In 1915 by the 

 consolidation of the Revenue Cutter Service and the Life 

 Saving Service, the Coast Guard has gradually been given 

 additional duties and responsibilities, such as the assign- 

 ment of law enforcement powers on the high seas and 

 navigable waters In 1936. the transfer of the Lighthouse 

 Service In 1939. and the transfer of the Bureau of Marine 

 Inspection and Navigation In 1942 Existing along with 

 these other duties has been that of maintaining a state 

 of readiness as a specialized service prepared for active 

 participation with the Navy In time of war. These various 

 Interdependent functions of the Service have not been 

 expressed collectively In any statute heretofore, but It Is 

 believed desirable to do so In this revision In order to have 

 outlined In general terms In one section the broad scope of 

 the functions of the Coast Guard. 81st Congress, House 

 Report No. 557. 



§94. OceanoKraphic research. 



The Coast Guard shall conduct such oceano- 

 graphic research, use such equipment or instru- 

 ments, and collect and analyze such oceanographic 

 data, in cooperation with other agencies of. the 

 Government, or not, as may be in the national in- 

 terest. (Added Pub. L. 87-396. 5 1. Oct. 5. 1961, 75 

 Stat. 827.) 



Sec. 



1451. Congressional findings.' 



1452. Congressional declaration of policy. 



1453. Definitions. 



1454. Management program development grants. 



1455. Administrative grants. 



(a) Authorization. 



(b) Allocation of grants. 



(c) Program requirements. 



(d) Required authority for management of 



coastal zone. 

 ■(e) Required findings. 



(f) Allocation to other political subdivisions. 



(g) Program modification, 

 (h) Segmental development. 



1456. Interagency coordination and cooperation. 



(a) Federal agencies. 



(b) Adequate consideration of views of Federal 



agencies: mediation of disagreements. 



(c) Consistency of Federal activities with state 



management programs: certification. 



(d) Applications of local governments for Fed- 



eral assistance: relationship of activities 

 with approved management programs. 



(e) Construction with other laws. 



4. Coastal Zone Management 

 16 U.S.C. 1451-1464 



(f) Construction with existing requirements of 



water and air pollution programs. 



(g) Concurrence with programs which affect 



Inland areas. 

 1456a. Coastal energy Impact program. 

 1456b. Interstate grants. 



1456c. Research and technical assistance for coastal zone 

 management. 



1457. Public hearings. 



1458. Review of performance; termination of financial 



assistance. 

 1459 Records and audit 



1460. Coastal Zone Management Advisory Committee. 



1461. Estuarlne sanctuaries and beach access. 



1462. Annual report. 



1463. Rules and regulations. 



1464. Authorization of appropriations. 



§ 1451. Congressional findings. 



The Congress finds that — 



(ai There is a national interest in the effective 

 management, beneficial use. protection, and devel- 

 opment of the coastal zone; 



