698 



contribution to the general welfare, subject at all 

 times to the paramount objective of making the 

 maximum contribution to the common defense and 

 security: and 



(b) the development, use, and control of atomic 

 energy shall be directed so as to promote world 

 peace, improve the general welfare, increase the 

 standard of living, and strengthen free ccmpetition 

 in private enterprise. (Aug. 1, 1946. ch. 724. § 1, as 

 added Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 921.) 



Short Trn;E 



Section 291 of act Aug 1. 1946. as added by act Aug. 30. 

 1954, § I, provided that the enactment of this chapter, and 

 amendments to former sections 1031(d) and 1032 of Title 

 5, should be popularly known as the "Atomic Energy 

 Act of 1954. ■■ 



SEPARABn-rrY of Provisions 



Section 281 of act Aug. 1. 1946. as added by act Aug. 30. 

 1954, § 1. provided that: "If any provision of this Act (this 

 chapter] or the application of such provision to any per- 

 son or circumstances. Is held Invalid, the remainder of 

 this Act [this chapter] or the application of such provi- 

 sion to persons or circumstances other than those as to 

 which it Is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby." 



Prior Provisions 

 Provisions similar to those comprising this section were 

 contained in section 1 of act Aug. 1, 1946. ch. 724, 60 Stat. 

 755 (formerly classified to section 1801 of this title) prior 

 to the complete amendment and renumbering of act 

 Aug. 1, 1946 by act Aug. 30, 1954. 



§ 2012. Congressional findings. 



The Congress of the United States makes the fol- 

 lowing findings concerning the development, use, 

 and control of atomic energy : 



(a) The development, utilization, and control of 

 atomic energy for military and for all other purposes 

 are vital to the common defense and security. 



(b) Repealed. Pub. L. 88-489, § 1, Aug. 26, 1964, 

 78 Stat. 602. 



(c) The processing and utilization of source, by- 

 product, and special nuclear material affect inter- 

 state and foreign commerce and must be regulated 

 in the national interest. 



(d) The processing and utilization of source, by- 

 product, and special nuclear material must be regu- 

 lated in the national interest and in order to provide 

 for the common defense and security and to protect 

 the health and safety of the public. 



(e) Source and special nuclear material, produc- 

 tion facilities, and utilization facilities are affected 

 with the public interest, and regulation by the 

 United States of the production and utilization of 

 atomic energy and of the facilities used in connec- 

 tion therewith is necessary in the national interest 

 to assure the common defense and security and to 

 protect the health and safety of the public. 



(f) The necessity for protection against possible 

 interstate damage occurring from the operation of 

 facilities for the production or utilization of source 

 or special nuclear material places the operation of 

 those facilities in interstate commerce for the pur- 

 poses of this chapter. 



(g) Funds of the United States may be provided 

 for the development and use of atomic energy under 

 conditions which will provide for the common de- 

 fense and security and promote the general welfare. 



(h) Repealed. Pub. L. 88-489. § 2, Aug. 26, 1964, 

 78 Stat. 602. 



(i) In order to protect the public and to en- 

 courage the development of the atomic energy in- 

 dustry, in the interest of the general welfare and of 

 the common defense and security, the United States 

 may make funds available for a portion of the dam- 

 ages suffered by the public from nuclear incidents, 

 and may limit the liability of those persons liable 

 for such losses. (Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, § 2, as added 

 Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 921, and 

 amended Sept. 2. 1957, Pub. L. 85-256, § 1, 71 SUt. 

 576; Aug. 26, 1964, Pub. L. 88-489, §§ 1, 2. 78 Stat. 

 602.) 



Amendments 



1964 — Subsec (b). Pub L 88^89. § 1, eliminated sub- 

 sec, (b) which found that the use of the United States 

 property by others must be regulated in the national in- 

 terest and in order to provide for common defense and 

 security and to protect the health and safety of the 

 public. 



Subsec. (h). Pub. L 88-489. §2. eliminated subsec. 

 (h) which found it essential to the common defense and 

 security that title to all special nuclear material be Id 

 the United States while such special nuclear material Is 

 within the United States. 



1957— Subsec. (1). Pub. L 85-256 added subsec. (1). 



Short Title or 1964 Amendment 



Section 21 of Pub. L 88-489 provided that Pub. L. 

 88-489. amending this section, and sections 2013, 2073 — 

 2078. 2135. 2153, 2201. 2221. 2233 and 2234 of this title, re- 

 pealing section 2072 of this title, and enacting provisions 

 set out as noted under this section and former section 

 2072 of this title, may be cited as the "Private Ownership 

 of Special Nuclear Materials Act." 



r*RioR Provisions 



Provisions similar to those comprising this section were 

 contained in section 1 of act Aug. 1. 1946. ch. 724, 60 

 Stat. 755 (formerly classified to section 1801 of this title) 

 prior to the complete amendment and renumbering of 

 act Aug. 1, 1946 by act Aug 30, 1954. 



CONraOL AND RE0UI.ATION POWERS OF UNITED STATES AND 



OP Atomic Energy Commission Unaffected by Private 

 Ownership of Special Nuclear Materials 



Section 20 of Pub. L. 88-489 provided that: "Nothing 

 In this Act ] amending this section, and sections 2013. 

 2073—2078. 2135, 2153, 2201. 2233 and 2234 of this title, 

 repealing section 2072 of this title, and enacting pro- 

 visions set out as notes under this section and former 

 section 2072 of this title] shall be deemed to diminish 

 existing authority of the United States, or of the Atomic 

 Energy Commission under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, 

 as amended [this chapter], to regulate source, byproduct, 

 and special nuclear material and production and utiliza- 

 tion facilities, or to control such materials and facilities 

 exported from the United States by imposition of govern- 

 mental guarantees and security safeguards with respect 

 thereto. In order to assure the common defense and secu- 

 rity and to protect the health and safety of the public, 

 or to reduce the responsibility of the Atomic Energy Com- 

 mission to achieve such objectives." 



§2013. Purpose of chapter. 



It is the purpose of this chapter to effectuate the 

 policies set forth above by providing for — 



(a) a program of conducting, assisting, and fos- 

 tering research and development in order to en- 

 courage maximum scientific and industrial progress; 



(b) a program for the dissemination of unclassi- 

 fied scientific and technical information and for the 

 control, dissemination, and declassification of Re- 

 stricted Data, subject to appropriate safeguards, so 

 as to encourage scientific and industrial progress; 



(c) a program for Government control of the 

 possession, use, and production of atomic energy and 



