Although the classic aspect of the Anastasia Formation is that of a 

 coquina, wells penetrating presumed Anastasia strata have encountered a 

 complex series of interbedded limestones, calcareous sandstones, quartz 

 sands and shell beds. Schroeder (et al, 1954) reports the formation has 

 a thickness of 250 feet near the shore in Palm Beach County, To the 

 south, in Dade and Broward Counties, strata identified as the Anastasia 

 Formation reach a thickness of 120 feet under the coastal ridge. 



Overlying the Anastasia along the coast are quartzose sands of late 

 Pleistocene Pamlico age" and Holocene (modem) beach and dune sediments. 

 Near the Palm Beach- Broward County line the upper part of the Anastasia 

 Formation undergoes a facies change and is recognized as the Miami Oolite 

 which is the dominant stratigraphic unit cropping out on the southeastern 

 tip of Florida. In this same region, Schroeder (et al , 1958) noted sev- 

 eral wells which indicated that the lower part of the Anastasia Formation 

 merged into or contained presumed elements of the Key Largo Limestone, a 

 Pleistocene reef complex of considerable prominence in the northern 

 Florida Keys (Hoffmeister and Multer, 1968) . 



Hoffmeister (et al, 1967) found the Miami Oolite to be clearly divis- 

 .ible into an upper oolitic facies overlying a lower facies characterized 

 by extensive masses of colonial bryzoa. This bryzoan unit averages about 

 10 feet thick in the coastal area and contains a large number of bryzoan 

 colonies up to 1 foot in diameter mixed with oolites, pellets and skeletal 

 sand. The upper or oolitic facies reaches a thickness of approximately 

 30 feet under the coastal ridge. Hoffmeister proposed a redefinition 

 of these units as the Miami Formation in recognition of the distinct 

 importance of the lower unit . 



Schroeder (et al, 1954) determined a thickness of possibly 100 feet 

 of Caloosahatchee sediments locally underlying the Anastasia in Palm Beach 

 County. The Caloosahatchee is mainly shelly sand, sandy shell marl, with 

 minor amounts of limestone and sandstone. 



Underlying the Caloosahatchee marl where present (and elsewhere the 

 Anastasia Formation) along an uncomforraable contact is the Tamiami Forma- 

 tion which was redefined by Parker (1951) to include all upper Miocene 

 material in southern Florida. The thickness of this formation ranges 

 from about 70 to 100 feet in the study area, and is composed of beds and 

 lenses of sandstone, limestone, sand, and silty shell marls (Cooke, 1945; 

 Schroeder, et al , 1954; Schroeder, et al, 1958). 



V.Tiere these formations crop out or become exposed as the result of 

 engineering works, they contribute sediment to the Holocene dunes, beach 

 and offshore zone. However, the extent to which these formations now 

 contribute sediment as a result of submarine outcrops is not definitely 

 known. Locally, the presence of shell material in the littoral zone has 

 been related to nearby exposures of coquina along the shore or nearshore 

 bottom (Fineran, 1938); (Martens, 1931). Rusnak (et al, 1966) concluded 



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