Study of asphalt structures as shore protection works is a part 

 of the Beach Erosion Board's General Investigation Program to evaluate 

 the structural and functional effectiveness of shore protective struc- 

 tures. The objective of the study of existing asphalt shore struc- 

 tures is to compile information on the structural and functional per- 

 formance of these structures. A final report will be prepared when 

 sufficient data are compiled. 



Key Words - Photographic/System/Field/ Impermeable/ 



"Curved Groynes and Foreshore Defence" 5607GR0002 



Rylands, A., Civil Engineering and Public 

 Works Review , London, July, 1956, pp. 769- 

 772. (V.F. 1989) 



The author states that alternating straight and curved groins in 

 a system is superior to an exclusively straight groin system for the 

 following reasons: (1) considerable neutralization of wave assault, 

 (2) reduction in backwash scour, (3) stoppage of littoral drift, (4) 

 reduced sensitivity to changes in wind direction, (5) ability to 

 deposit material to leeward, straight onshore, or to windward as 

 required for the formation of a uniformly protective beach. 



Key Words - Misc-plan/Low/Timber/Notched/Field/1955-1959/Structural- 

 design/ Impermeable/Europe/ 



"Arrangement of Groins on a Sandy Beach" 5609GR0001 



Nagai, S., Journal of Waterways and 



Harbors Division , ASCE, Vol. 82, No. WW4, 



Paper 1063, Sept., 1956, 13 pp. (TC305 



.J3V.2) 



It is an important and difficult problem to arrange groins effec- 

 tively for protection against erosion by wave action on a sandy shore. 

 This paper presents the relation of groin length, space, and orien- 

 tation with respect to the shoreline, direction of wave propagation, 

 and breaking point of the breakers. Relationship between wave steep- 

 ness and sand transport, and some results of experiments concerning 

 special types of groins are also presented. 



Key Words - Scour/Erosion/Accretion/Experimental/Misc-plan/Long/Short/ 

 Model/Impermeable/Theory/Single/System/ Structural -design/ 



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