Scour : Removal of underwater material by waves and currents at the 

 base or toe of a groin. 



Shoaling : Deposition of underwater material in the vicinity of a 

 groin as a result of decrease in the efficiency of wave 

 and current capacity as caused by groins. 



Short: A groin whose length does not extend beyond the breaker zone. 



Single : Refers to a single groin. 



Spur: A groin-type structure connected to the flank of a groin and 

 normal to it. 



Steel : Refers to groins constructed in part or totally of steel. 



Structural-design: Design of a groin or system of groins. 



System: A series of groins acting together to protect a long section 

 of shoreline. 



S. Atlantic : Refers to the shoreline of the United States from the 

 Virginia-North Carolina state line to the tip of the 

 Florida peninsula. 



S. M. Wood: Groin of Sydney M. Wood design. 



Terminal : The last groin on the updrift end of a groin system. 



Texas Gulf : Refers to the shoreline of the Gulf of Mexico from the 

 tip of the Florida peninsula to the Yucatan Peninsula. 



Theory: Refers to articles presenting groin designs based upon 

 mathematical formulae, model studies, and personal 

 experience. 



Timber : Groins constructed in part or wholly of wood products. 



Transport-normal : Movement of beach and near shore material in a 

 vector direction approximately normal to the 

 shoreline. 



T- groins : Groins built in the shape of a "T", ie. a groin with a 

 breakwater at its seaward end. 



Wosenitz : Groin of Wosenitz design. 



Z-groins: A type of groin with one or more marked angular directional 

 changes along its length as seen in plan view. 



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