128 HAS SCIENCE DISCOVERED GOD? 



we have intelligence because we can solve problems. 

 Man has developed the capacity to think and reason, 

 to love and hate, and in so doing he has become a 

 living soul. 



The relation of soul and body has, from the earliest 

 times, constituted a problem for psychology, perplex- 

 ing both psychologists and philosophers. The keenest 

 minds have labored with it and big books have been 

 written about it. The theory of behaviorism offers a 

 solution so easy and simple that it seems scarcely to 

 need defense. One has only to compare it with other 

 classical attempts at the age-old problem. Sometimes 

 it has been supposed that the soul is of a wholly dif- 

 ferent essence from the body — a separate kind of 

 entity, something wholly spiritual, as we say. This is 

 the theory known as psychological dualism. But 

 dualism of this kind is scarcely in vogue at the present 

 time, not being acceptable either to philosophers or 

 psychologists. 



The second method has been to make the supposi- 

 tion that matter itself, and of course the body of 

 which it is composed, is in its ultimate character of a 

 mental or spiritual nature. But recent science finds 

 little support for this view. We are coming to know 

 a great deal about matter and its elements, and it does 

 not seem to be of a spiritual or mental nature. We 

 may analyze it into molecules, atoms, protons, and 

 electrons, but we do not find anything like mind-stuff. 



Just now we are coming to believe that the ultimate 

 units of our physical world are of the nature of "wave 

 packets." Though these wave packets cannot be con- 

 ceived as material things, neither are they mental or 

 spiritual things. Though they are no longer believed 



