90 CONCEPTIONS OF COLUMBUS 



geography he could not have made the assertion that 

 Columbus ''knew that the New World lay not in the 

 India of the Old World, but between it and the marts 

 of Europe." 



Conclusion 



To conclude, I feel, after studying the documents 

 cited, after considering the cartographical knowledge 

 that Columbus may have had, and after weighing 

 all that Thacher and Harrisse have to say on the 

 subject, that no evidence has as yet been advanced 

 sufficient to disprove the theory that, in 1 502-1 503, 

 Columbus believed himself to be on the coast of 

 Asia. Columbus died so believing. After him, Balboa 

 in 1513 so believed. Waldseemiiller and the German 

 cartographers did not reject the ideas of Columbus. 

 In a modified form they are embodied in the Schoner 

 globe (1533)^"^ and in the Cabot map of 1544. The 

 writings of Castaneda,^^ the chronicler of the Coro- 

 nado expedition, and the famous Gastaldi map of 

 1562^^ are further evidence that many of the succes- 

 sors of Columbus continued in the same belief down 

 into the middle of the sixteenth century. 



64 Harrisse, op. cit., facing p. 520. 



63 See G. P. Winship: The Coronado Expedition, 1540-1542, Ann. 

 Rept. Bur. of Amer. Ethnology for 1892-Q3, Part I, Washington, 1896, 

 pp. 329-613 (Spanish text, pp. 414-469); reference on pp. 512-513 and 

 525-526. 



66 Nordenskiold, Periphis, p. 165. 



