• Earthquake Loading - A cyclic loading induced to the entire soil 

 mass by earthquake energy. 



1.2 CEL PROPELLANT-EMBEDDED ANCHORS 



The Navy's interest in plate anchors is concentrated on propellant- 

 embedded anchors of which four are available for use. Designated by 

 their nominal holding capacity in kips, they are the 10K, 20K, 100K, 

 and 300K propellant-embedded anchors. Specific guidance concerning 

 these anchors is given in this report. The anchors appear and func- 

 tion similarly. Figure 1-2 shows the CEL 20K propellant-embedded 

 anchor, and a functional sequence is shown in Figure 1-3. On contact- 

 ing the seafloor, the touchdown probe triggers the safe/arm device 

 which in turn initiates the propellant contained in the gun barrel. The 

 propellant burn expels the fluke from the anchor at high velocity, while 

 reaction is provided by the gun barrel and reaction vessel. The fluke 

 then penetrates the seafloor, dragging successive loops of downhaul 

 cable behind it. The fluke penetrates a distance, D , in an edge-on 

 orientation to the seafloor and is keyed (see Figure 1-3) to present a 

 large area bearing against the sediments to resist pullout. 



1.3 RELATED REPORTS 



This handbook- style report is based on a number of reports that 

 provide more specific detail on the various subjects of the procedure 

 presented herein. There are also associated reports on anchor hard- 

 ware, penetration, and site survey that provide additional details. 



1.3.1 Anchor Holding Capacity 



Beard, R. M. (1979). Long-term holding capacity of statically loaded 

 anchors in cohesive soils, Civil Engineering Laboratory, Technical Note 

 N-1545. Port Hueneme, Calif., Jan 1979. 



