Figure 20. Towing oil boom at sea in catenary configuration. 



Figure 21 • Calibrated tension unit installed at center of 

 1 , 000-foot boom. .... 



Figure 22. Boom connector separation loads. 

 Figure 23. Straight-line towing forces in oil boom 

 Figure 24. Catenary towing forces in oil boom. 



Figure A-1 . Shape of the pressure distribution on the 

 submerged portion of the boom. 



Figure A-2. Loading diagram. 



Figure A-3. Load model for sizing connectors. 



Figure B-1 . Boom connector loading. 



Figure B-2. Structural sizing of candidates. 



Figure B-3. Boom-end clamping detail. 



Figure B-4. Towing assembly loading diagrams. 



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LIST OF TABLES 



Table 1 . Comparison of proposed designs of boom connectors 



Table 2. Comparison of proposed designs of the towing 



assembly ......... 



Table 3. Comparison of proposed designs of bulkhead 



attachment ......... 



Table A-1. Forces acting on 1,000 feet of boom under catenary 

 tow .......... 



Table A-2. Forces acting on 1,000 feet of boom in straight 



tow .......... 



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