46 



UNITED STATES COAST GUARD 



Describe briefly the operation of an 

 electro-hydraulic steering apparatus 

 and the type of hand-operated emer- 

 gency steering gear that may be pro- 

 vided with it. 



If you were in charge of a lifeboat: 



(a) How would you prevent it 

 from swinging as the vessel rolled 

 when the boat is at the embarkation 

 deck? 



(b) How would you prevent it from 

 swaying if the ship is pitching? 



Describe how a lifeboat should ap- 

 proach a wrecked vessel in rough 

 weather to save passengers and crew 

 and then return to her own vessel. 



When moored to two anchors, how is 

 a foul hawse prevented ? 



What scope of chain is used under 

 normal conditions in anchoring? 



What anchor is normally used in an- 

 choring? 



What precautions to avoid pollution 

 of coastal waters should be taken by a 

 vessel pumping bilges, ballast, or oil 

 overboard at sea? 



What precaution must be observed 

 when taking on water ballast to avoid 

 danger of oil pollution, cargo damage, 

 and structural damage to the vessel? 



In the sketch shown : 



(a) What is the tension on a top- 

 ping lift when the height of the king- 

 post above the boom gooseneck is 40 

 feet, the length of the topping lift span 

 is 40 feet, and the boom forms an angle 

 of 45° with the kingpost? 



(b) What is the thrust on the 

 boom in the sketch when the weight of 

 1 ton is being lifted? Consider loss of 

 efficiency due to friction as 10 percent 

 at each block. 



A beam weighing one ton is to be 

 lifted by a bridle sling, each leg of 

 which forms an angle with the beam of 

 30° as shown in the sketch below. What 

 is the stress on each leg of the sling, 

 when the weight of the beam is sus- 

 pended from the sling? 



What is the minimum number of 

 tucks in an acceptable thimble or loop 

 splice in wire rope for use on cargo 

 gear? 



What precaution must be taken in 

 splicing nylon or other plastic type rope 

 with a slippery surface and high elas- 

 ticity? 



A weight of 3 tons must be lifted 

 using one-half inch diameter wire rope 

 with a breaking strength of 9.4 tons. A 

 factor of safety of 5 is required. 



(a) Will doubling up the gear, 

 that is, using a single sheave moving 

 block, provide the necessary factor of 

 safety, considering friction loss as 10 

 percent per sheave for each of two 

 sheaves? 



(b) What strength must the 

 shackle for the upper block have, using 

 a safety factor of 5? 



A vessel is loading cargo in a for- 

 ward hold when it is noticed that the 

 pipe running along the bilge to the fore- 

 peak is leaking water badly. The fore- 

 peak tank is full of water. What would 

 you do to prevent damage to the cargo? 



What care should be given mooring 

 lines when ice and snow conditions are 

 encountered? 



What caution should be observed 

 when navigating a power-driven vessel 

 in shallow water? 



What are the two functions which 

 paint used on a vessel's bottom must 

 perform; i.e., what are the two types of 

 paint used on a ship's bottom, and what 

 is the purpose of each type? 



What precautions should be borne in 

 mind by ship officers when maneuvering 

 vessels powered with geared turbine 

 drive? 



In a limited space, why is it easier to 

 turn a single right-handed screw ship 

 to starboard than it is to port? 



