APPENDIX B 

 SELECTED SOUND VELOCITY AND T-S PROFILES 



T-S RELATIONS IN THE NORTH INDIAN OCEAN 



Figure B-1 shows general T-S relations for the North Indian Ocean. 

 The T-S indices for lEW were taken directly from Sverdrup, et al., 1942. The 

 indices for ArSW and BBW were derived from extensive historical data in the 

 Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal . BBW closely resembles Bay of Bengal Tropo- 

 spheric Water (Mamayev, 1969). The indices for Andaman Sea Deep and Bottom 

 Water, NIDW, and North Indian Bottom Water also were derived from extensive 

 historical data. NIDW closely resembles that of Shcherbinin, 1969b. North 

 Indian Bottom Water has salinity characteristics similar to those of Indian 

 Antarctic Deep and Bottom Water (Mamayev, 1969) but lies at somewhat 

 warmer temperatures. 



The T-S curves for PGIW and RSIW are modified after those of Rochford, 

 1964. Percentages of unmixed RSIW were derived assuming a T-S value of 

 23°C-40%o for 100% RSIW (Mamayev, 1969) and values of 8°C-34.8%ol and 

 4°C-34.6°/oo|for 0% RSIW (upper and lower lobes, respectively). A RSIW concen- 

 tration of approximately 20% marks the maximum observed limit of Interflngerlng 

 with AAIW and/or BIW. The curves for SSW and BIW were derived using 

 historical data. The curve for AAIW was taken directly from Sverdrup, et al ., 

 1942. 



GENERAL COMMENTS 



Figure B-2 gives the locations of the 36 sound velocIty/T-S comparisons 

 shown as Figures B-3 through B-38. Figures B-4, B-7, B-9, B-11, B-13, B-14, 

 B-21, B-23, B-25, B-26, B-28, B-35, and B-36 show a sound velocity and T-S 

 profile for both northeast (N.E.) and southwest (S.W.) monsoon conditions. The 

 remainder of the comparisons show a sound velocity and T-S profile representative 

 of either northeast or southwest monsoon conditions. The maximum depth of each 

 sound velocity profile approximates the corrected bottom depth. The depth 

 limits of actual sound velocity data are indicated on the various figures by two 

 parallel horizontal lines (=). Sound velocity profiles that have been extended 

 below the depth of actual data (based on nearby historical data) are indicated 

 by a dotted line, T-S profiles have not been extended below the depth of 

 actual data. The percentages of unmixed RSIW shown on the various figures 

 were derived using the curve shown on Figure B-1 . 



To facilitate water mass identification and comparison between sound 

 velocity and T-S profiles, the following legend has been used: 



51 



