11 



^(R fl 6) - a --g dx (R s 0) 



where a and b are empirical constants. Equation [19] is integrated as a 

 linear first-order equation in terras of R* *6 to provide a direct solution for 

 the momentum thickness 0. From test data Burl considered separation to occur 

 at r = -0.06. The Buri method of analysis was continued by Howarth 10 who re- 

 fined the method by solving Equation [18] directly, using experimental data 

 for f and H. 



At the same time that Buri published his work, Gruschwitz 5 presented 

 a more satisfactory method of analysis. Introducing the shape parameter rj 

 and realizing that its rate of change in a pressure gradient is more important 

 than its local value, Gruschwitz plotted the nondiraensional differential 

 quantity --§- 4-(U 2 J7) against q and obtained a linear variation for his test 

 data as shown in Figure 6. Although Gruschwitz expected some effect due to 

 Reynolds number, the narrow range of his data, 1 x 10 3 < R 9 < 4 x 10 3 , pre- 

 cluded any such indication and consequently he included no Reynolds number 



I 



+ 



X 



o 



Gruschwitz Test 2 

 Gruschwitz Test 3 

 Gruschwitz Test 4 







■» 





• Gruschwitz Test 5 

 A Nikurodse Test 



X 



X 



\ 

 \ 















\ 



\ 



\ 



Seporoting Flows 



1/ 



• 











\ 



+ \ 

















\ 



\ 



X 



Figure 6 - Gruschwitz Form Parameter r\ as Function of 

 Pressure Gradient (Gruschwitz, Reference 5) 



