s f Friction against cutting edge lateral area (Pa). 



sm Average undrained shear strength (Pa). 



T Relative stiffness (m). 



t Thickness of cutting edge (M). . 



t Thickness of pile wall (m). 

 w 



V Shear force (N). 

 W Weight (N). 



W, Submerged weight (N). 



W f . The effective weight or force on the base shear plane (N). 



W Submerged weight of soil entrained within the cutting edges 

 and above the base shear plane (N). 



x Distance along pile below point of lateral load application (m) 



y Lateral deflection (m). 



Z Length of structural element (m). 



£ Angle of mooring line with horizontal (rad). 



3 



Y Buoyant unit weight (N/m ). 



6 Effective friction angle of soil on pile wall or 

 cutting edge wall (rad). 



A Friction capacity coefficient. 



a Vertical effective stress (Pa). 



a" Average vertical effective stress over pile length (Pa). 



J Effective angle of internal friction (rad). 



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