R Radius in cylindrical coordinates 



R^ Frictional resistance 



Total resistance 





Wave resistance 



R Reynolds number 

 n 



R Radius of tunnel wall 

 o 



S Wetted surface 

 o 



T Draft of ship 



U Uniform incoming stream velocity at upstream 

 infinity 



u Mean speed due to blockage 



u Mean speed on the body in unbounded water 

 o 



W Width of towing tank 



x,y,z Right-handed rectangular coordinates 



Au Speed increment 



Au Mean-speed increment averaged over body 



V Kinematic viscosity of water 



p Density of water 



T = (x ,T„,T„) Tangential unit vector 



$ Total velocity potential 



$ Total velocity potential in absence of 

 tank (or tunnel) walls 



cf> Perturbation velocity potential 



<j> Perturbation velocity potential in absence of 

 tank (or tunnel) wall 



