waterline is covered with insulation and a jacket, and encased in another 14-inch-diameter 

 coated pipe. The multiple lines were assembled, welded, tested onshore, and puUed out by 

 barge. The pipe was laid in a dredged trench, and pretensioned to compensate for thermal 

 expansion once the line is in use. 



163. McPHAIL,J.F.,etal., "Offshore Pipeline Construction Stress Measurement," Offshore 

 Technology Conference, Vol. I, May 1972, pp. I607-I618. 



Keywords: Bending stresses. Offshore pipeline 



Paper describes a study to determine the bending stresses in an offshore pipeUne 

 during construction operations when being laid from a lay barge with stinger. The 

 construction-induced bending stresses and pipe profile were measured in an instrumented 

 section of a pipe as it traveled from the lay barge to the ocean floor, while barge motions, 

 pipe tension, and pipe travel relative to the lay barge were recorded simultaneously on the 

 barge. Static bending stresses and pipe profiles, as well as wave-induced dynamic stresses and 

 vertical motion of the barge-stinger hinge, were determined from the measurements and 

 compared with calculated values from the theoretical solutions. Horizontal bending stresses 

 induced by crosscurrents were also measured. The instrumentation procedures are described, 

 and graphical examples of the comparison between measured and calculated values of static 

 and dynamic bending stresses are given. 



164. MILLER, D. R., "Marine Studies for the Design and Construction of Offshore 

 PipeUnes," Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Specialty Conference, Oct. 1965, 

 pp. 991-1006. 



165. MILZ, E. A., and BROUSSARD, D. E., "Technical Capabihties in Offshore PipeUne 

 Operations to Maximize Safety," Offshore Technology Conference, Vol. II, May 1972, 

 pp. II809-II826. 



Keywords: Offshore pipehne operations, Pipeline design considerations 



A detailed discussion of the various factors that must be considered in the design, 

 construction, and operation of offshore pipeUnes is given. Design considerations, including 

 corrosion, route surveying and bottom conditions, and wave and current forces are 

 discussed. Various available construction methods are described along with operational 

 procedures and methods of detecting leaks and breaks in the pipelines, and maintenance and 

 repair techniques. 



166. MOORE, J. J., "The Economics of Offshore Pipelining," National Meeting on Trans- 

 portation Engineering, July 1970. 



Keywords: Economics, Offshore pipeline technology 



The development and importance of offshore pipelining technology, including 

 economic aspects and expected future trends, are discussed. 



39 



