171. O'DONNELL, J. P., "Subsea Pipeline Challenges are Depth, Cost, Distance," OU and 

 Gas Journal, July 1967, pp. 125-127. 



Keywords: S-curve method, Subsea pipelining 



Article discusses the Umitations of the conventional lay barge and stinger method for 

 economically laying pipeUnes at large depths, and future developments that will allow 

 pipelines to be laid economically at increasing depths. The S-curve method (long pipelines 

 which can be laid at great depths by assembling the pipe in long sections and installing 

 buoys along its length, with the buoys adjusted so the pipe forms an S-curve with a large 

 radius overbend at the surface and another large radius bend at the bottom) is described. 

 Laying pipelines in deep water from a vertical position, using a derrick in a drilling ship, is 

 also discussed, along with automatic welding methods and encapsulation of pipeUne 

 mechanisms for underwater servicing. Cost problems of laying offshore pipeUnes are 

 discussed along with distance Umitations. 



172. O'DONNELL, J. P., "Offshore Line Laid under Tension," Oil and Gas Journal, Vol. 

 66, No. 26, June 1968, p. 82. 



Keywords: Lay barge method. Oil pipeUne, Persian Gulf 



Articles describes a submarine oil pipeUne laid from Sassan field to a terminal on 

 Qavan Island in the Persian Gulf. The pipeUne is 88 miles long, 22 inches in diameter, and 

 laid to a maximum depth of 306 feet. The lay barge metliod was used to lay the pipe, and a 

 "floating weight" method was used to apply tension to the suspended line. The lay barge, 

 stinger, and pipelaying equipment and operations are briefly described. The laying rates and 

 problems encountered during the laying operations, due to bad weather, fraying tensioning 

 cables, and stinger breakage, are also discussed. 



173. O'DONNELL, J. P., "Sea Robin Extends System," Oil and Gas Journal, Annual 

 Pipeline Issue, Oct. 1970. 



Keywords: Pipelaying equipment 



Article describes a lay barge whose pipelaying equipment includes a track-type 

 tensioning system, an articulated stinger, special automatic anchor winch controls, and 

 welding. X-ray, and field joint stations. 



174. OFFSHORE NEWSLETTER, Vol. 1, No. 7, Oct. 1968. 



175. OVUNC, B., and MALLAREDDY, H., "Stress Analysis of Offshore Pipelines," 

 Offshore Technology Conference, Paper No. OTC 1222, Vol. I, Apr. 1970, 

 pp. I727-I734. 



Keywords: Offshore pipelines. Stress analysis 



Paper describes a computer-oriented iterative method to determine the stresses and 

 nonUnear configuration of a submarine pipeUne suspended between a lay barge and the 

 ocean floor during the installation operations. A stiffness matrix method is used to 

 determine the stresses and configuration of the suspended pipeUne for a lay large with a 



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