218. WARREN, B. J., ANGEL, T. A., and GRAY, R., "Saturation Diving-A Tool for 

 Offshore Pipelining," Offshore Technology Conference, Vol. H, Apr. 1971, 

 pp. II211-II220. 



Keywords: Economics, Offshore pipeline, Saturation diving 



Paper discusses the application of saturation diving to several operations involved in 

 the installation and repair of offshore pipelines. The basic principles of saturation diving 

 techniques and the special equipment required are described. Several considerations that 

 increase safety and operational efficiency when using the saturation diving technique are 

 discussed, and the economic considerations of saturation diving are discussed and compared 

 with conventional diving techniques. 



219. WELLMAN, L. C, "Submarine Pipeline in Australia," The Military Engineer, July- 

 Aug. 1967, pp. 252-256. 



Keywords: Sled, Spencer Gulf, Australia, Submarine pipeline 



Article describes the construction methods used to lay a 7-mile submarine pipeline for 

 water supply across Spencer Gulf in Australia. A trench was dredged across the gulf, and the 

 pipe was puUed from one side of the gulf to the other, using smaller diameter pipe for the 

 puU strings, with a sled attached to the nose of the 39-inch-diameter pipeline. 



220. WELLS, M. J., "Kuwait Prepares for Mammoth Tankers," World Oil, Vol. 39, No. 7, 

 July 1968, pp. 26-29. 



221. WELLS, M. J., "Sassan Field Now Operating," World Petroleum, Vol. 40, No. 2, Feb. 

 1969, pp. 28-30. 



222. WIEGEL, R. L., and DELMONTE, R. C, "Wave-Induced Eddies and "Lift" Forces on 

 Circular Cylinders," HEL 9-19, Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory, University of 

 California, Berkeley, CaUf., July 1972. 



223. WILHOIT, J. €., Jr., and MERWIN, J. E., "Bending Stress is Critical in Laying 

 Deepwater Pipelines," Oil and Gas Journal, Vol. 64, No. 45, Nov. 1966, pp. 85—88. 



224. WILHOIT, J. C, Jr., and MERWIN, J. E., "Stinger Configuration," Oil and Gas 

 Journal, Vol. 64, No. 46, Nov. 1966, pp. 198-200. 



225. WILHOIT, J. C, Jr., and MERWIN, J. E., "Pipe Stresses Induced in Laying Offshore 

 Pipeline," /ournaZ of Engineering Industry , Vol. 89, No. 37, Feb. 1967. 



Keywords: Bending stresses. Offshore pipeline 



An analytical method that can be used to calculate tlie bending stiesscs in the 

 unsupported section of a pipeline being laid from a lay barge with stinger is described. Botli 

 the case of a pipeline that follows the curvature of the stinger and leaves it at some point, 

 without any change in the direction of the curvature of the pipeline, as well as the case of a 



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