behavior of the pipehne can be evaluated for two- and three-dimensional systems and 

 subject to both structural and fluid dynamic loads due to wave and current action. The 

 dynamic response of the system and the dynamic forces and stresses within the system 

 depend on tlie initially unknown pipeline configuration, as well as the induced hydro- 

 dynamic forces, the structural loads, and the restraints imposed by the termination and 

 mooring points of the system. The method involves a self -correcting iterative procedure that 

 converges to simultaneously satisfy the equilibrium requirements and boundary conditions. 

 It is based on a set of geometric location equations and the use of the principles of 

 elementary statics. An applied example to a baU-jointed pipeline system is given. 



106. DROUIN,A. H., HERD, D. P., and MORRILL, C. D., "Remote Installations of 

 Wellhead to Production Facihty Piping in a Subsea Production System," Offshore 

 Technology Conference, Vol. I, Apr. 1971, pp. I337-I348. 



Keywords: Pipeline connector system. Wellhead installation 



The development of a guidance and connector system is discussed for the remote 

 connection of multiple pipeUnes from wellheads to the subsea control station of oil 

 production faciUties. The system was designed to allow the use of a single guideline for each 

 connector, rather tlian four guidelines per connector as in most conventional systems. An 

 articulated support frame was designed to allow relative movement between the connectors, 

 while at the same time keeping them within known dimensional variations to ensure proper 

 alinement of the connectors with the wellheads for the connection of the piping assemblies. 

 A working scale model of the guidarice and connector system and the piping assembly was 

 buUt and tested to evaluate the installation and retrieval characteristics of the design 

 concept, and to determine the influence of the piping loads and the effect of the support 

 frame on the alinement of the connectors. Several modifications were made to the model 

 before satisfactory results were obtained, and then a full-scale prototype was built and 

 tested. 



107. DUNCAN, C. C, "Plowing Cables Under the Sea," Institute of Electrical and 

 Electronic Engineers Transactions on Communication Technology, Vol. Com-17, No. 

 1, Feb. 1969, pp. 74-82. 



Keywords: Sea plow. Submarine telephone cables 



Paper describes a sea plow designed to bury submarine telephone cables under the sea 

 bottom. The cables are buried on the continental shelves, where they were previously 

 subjected to damage by fishing boards and scallop dredges, in areas where the cable crossed 

 fishing grounds. The operation and important features of the sea plow are discussed, as well 

 as specific cases in which the plow has been used successfully to prevent further damage to 

 existing cables, or to lay new cables across areas which would have previously been avoided 

 due to heavy fishing activity. Bottom surveys along the proposed cable route which must be 

 carried out before the burial of the cable with tlie sea plow are also discussed briefly. 



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