97. COOK, F. E., "Coating Performance in a Marine Environment," Corrosion, Aug. 1960, 

 pp. 117-120. 



98. CORLEY, C. B., Jr., and WARNER, D. G., "Requirements for New Technology in 

 Offshore PipeHne Construction," Offshore Technology Conference, Paper No. OTC 

 1183, Vol. 1, Apr. 1970, pp. 1351-1356. 



Keywords: Installation techniques, Offshore pipeline 



Paper discusses the methods available for constructing offshore pipelines, and possible 

 improvements to these methods that should be developed in the near future. These 

 developments should increase the depth and rough water capabilities of the present pipeline 

 installation techniques, as well as increasing the efficiency and reducing the costs of the 

 present methods. The developments discussed include better and faster pipe-joining and 

 welding methods, improved mooring and positioning systems for tlie lay barges, develop- 

 ment of high-angle ramps, extension of pipe-tensioning ability, improved motion character- 

 istics of the lay barges, shortened or eliminated stingers, improved weather shutdown and 

 recovery procedures, and better pipe transfer and handhng systems. 



99. COX, H. D., et al.. Tension Pipe Laying Method, U.S. Patent No. 3,331,212, Patent 

 Office, Washington, D.C., 18 July 1967. 



100. CRAWFORD, D. W., "A History of Protective Coatings for the Offshore Industry: 

 1947-1972," Offshore Technology Conference, Vol. I, May 1972, pp. 1671-16 76. 



Keywords: Corrosion, Offshore structures. Protective coatings 



The various types of coatings available for protecting offshore structures against 

 corrosion are reviewed. The types of coatings discussed include vinyls, epoxies, chlorinated 

 rubber, inorganic zinc coatings, zinc-rich organic coatings, and acrylics. The characteristics 

 of each type are described, along with the advantages, disadvantages, or limitations of each 

 type of coating. 



101. DALEY, G. C, "Optimization of Tension Level and Stinger Length for Offshore 

 Pipeline Installation," Offshore Technology Conference, Vol. II, Apr. -May 1973, 

 pp. II473-n483. 



Keywords: Lay barge, Offshore pipeUne 



An analysis method is described for optimizing certain operational parameters in 

 laying offshore pipelines under tension from a lay barge with stinger. The method involves 

 the optimization of the tension level with respect to either the minimum stinger length or 

 the maximum radius of curvature of the stinger. Network charts are obtained for the various 

 operational parameters of the pipeline and pipelaying system by a computerized finite 

 element iterative solution which calculates a set of curves each for the stinger and the 

 pipeline. The optimum solution is determined by overlaying the two sets of curves to obtain 

 the points where the pipeline solution line intersects the stinger network chart. The basic 

 equations of the analysis and their derivation, along with examples illustrating the 

 procedure, are given. 



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