80. BREWER, W. V., and DIXON, D. A., "Influence of Lay Barge Motions on a Deep Water 

 Pipeline Laid under Tension," Offshore Technology Conference, Paper No. OTC 1072, 

 Vol II, May 1968, pp. II23-II36. 



Keywords: Bending stresses, Lay barge 



A mathematical study of the sensitivity of a pipehne being laid under tension to lay 

 barge motions is described. The effects of surge, heave, and pitch on the bending stresses at 

 the critical points at the top and bottom of the suspended part of a pipeline being laid under 

 tension were studied for water depths ranging from shallow to deep (1,000 feet). The 

 influence of a sloping rather than a horizontal sea floor was also studied. The results of the 

 study are presented in the form of graphical curves, and several examples illustrate the use 

 of these curves and the basic conclusions derived from the study. The basic equations of the 

 mathematical analysis and their derivation are given in the appendix. 



81. BROOKS,]. K., and BROWN, J. S. D., "Construction of 60-inch-diameter Outfall 

 Sewer for Morecambe and Heysham Corporation," Proceedings of the Institution of 

 Civil Engineers, Vol. 5, No. 2, Aug. 1956, pp. 302-324. 



Keywords: Great Britain, Morecambe Bay, Outfall pipeline 



Paper describes in detail the construction of a 60-inch-diameter ocean outfall sewer in 

 Morecambe Bay in Great Britain. Various construction methods considered before the actual 

 construction method was finally adopted are all briefly discussed. The project began with a 

 short promenade section under a seawall which was carried out in a steel sheet-piled trench 

 which continued across the beach section to the waterHne. The pipe was laid in this trench 

 for the landward beach part of the project, and the seaward part of tlie outfall was 

 constructed by driving a 2,000-foot-long working gantry with a rail level at midtide level. 

 Steel-pUed cofferdams were driven from tlie gantry in which the underwater part of the 

 pipeline was laid. The steel pipe was covered witli a 12-inch-minimum concrete cover. 



82. BROWN, R. J., "Soil Mechanics Important in Marine Pipeline Construction," Oil and 

 Gas Journal, Sept. 1957, p. 151. 



83. BROWN, R. J,, "High-accuracy Control Systems for Submarine Pipelines," Oil and Gas 

 Journal, Vol. 58, June 1960, pp. 108-111. 



Keywords: Submarine pipeline. Survey instruments 



Methods and equipment that may be used to accurately locate submarine pipelines 

 during installation operations are described. Survey instruments for locating submarine 

 pipelines across rivers along catenary routes, and tellurometers for accurately locating 

 offshore pipelines along selected routes are discussed. The instruments and survey methods 

 are described, including the advantages and disadvantages of the control systems and their 

 accuracy hmitations in various situations. 



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