is welded on the platform in a vertical position, then pulled down through the J-tube and 

 out toward the shore until it can be connected in shallower water with the rest of the 

 pipeline that has been laid from the shore. The "tension" method for making deepwater 

 connections at the platforms is also discussed. Axial tension is applied to a pipeline with a 

 tug to control bending stresses as the line is raised to the surface for attachment of a riser 

 and then lowered back to the bottom. 



46. ANONYMOUS, "New Pipehne Alignment System," Ocean Industry, Vol. 5, No. 12, 

 Dec. 1970, p. 48. 



Keywords: Diving bell. Pipeline ahnement system 



Report describes an underwater pipeline ahnement system for making repairs, for riser 

 tie-ins and hot taps, and for connecting new lines. A diving bell is locked to the pipe to 

 permit welders to move to and from the habitat without diving apparatus. 



47. ANONYMOUS, "PumngPipeUnes,"i/jdrospace, Vol.4, No. 2, Apr. 1971, pp. 26-27. 



Keywords: Oil terminal. River Thames, Tank farm 



Article describes the construction methods used to lay two pipelines in Great Britain. 

 One was a 36-inch-diameter pipeline connecting an offshore oil terminal with a tank farm 

 onshore. The pipeline was assembled onshore, pulled out with a barge, and laid in a dredged 

 trench. The other pipeline was a 24-inch-diameter gasline laid across the River Thames. The 

 pipehne was assembled on one shore and pulled across the river in a dredged trench by a 

 winch installed on the opposite shore. 



48. ANONYMOUS, "Pulling a Huge Pipe Line Across the Sea Floor," Ocean Industry, Vol. 

 6, No. 6, June 1971, p. 32. 



Keywords: Gulf of Trieste, Italy, Water pipeline 



Report covers the construction of a 52-inch-diameter waterUne laid along a 12-mile 

 route across the Gulf of Trieste in Italy. The pipe was welded and concrete-coated onshore 

 and pulled to sea by a winch mounted on an anchored barge. 



49. ANONYMOUS, "Coal Tar Coating Protects Underwater Effluent Line," Civil Engineer- 

 ing, Vol. 42, No. 2, Feb. 1972, p. 88. 



Keywords: Coal tar enamel. Lake Ontario 



Brief note discusses a sewage outfall pipehne in Lake Ontario coated with coal tar 

 enamel to protect it from corrosion. 



50. ANONYMOUS, "L & M PuU 52nd Subsea Outfall," Hydrospace, Vol. 5, No. 4, Aug. 

 1972, p. 34. 



Keywords: Outfall pipeline. South Wales 



Article briefly describes the construction of an outfall pipe laid off the South Wales 

 coast at a depth of 60 feet. The pipe was assembled onshore, pulled to sea by barge, and 

 lowered into the sandy seabed by a jetting machine. 



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