discussed. The economic advantages of pipelining crude oil from offshore, as compared to 

 moving it by barge, are also discussed. The lay barge and push-pull methods of laying 

 submarine pipelines and their limitations are described briefly. 



4. ALDRIDGE, C, "Offshore Pipeline Planning and Construction," Proceedings of the 

 American Petroleum Institute, Vol. 36, Pt. 5, 1956, pp. 29—31. 



5. ALKHALIL, F. "Dynamic Response of Submerged Pipelines," Ph.D. Thesis, Department 

 of Civil Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., 1973. 



6. ALTERMAN, I., "Discussion of Wave Force Coefficients for Offshore Pipelines," /ournaZ 

 of the Waterways and Harbors Division, Vol. 88, No. WW4, Nov. 1962, pp. 149-152. 



Keywords: Offshore pipeline, Wave forces 



Report briefly discusses wave-induced forces on an exposed pipeline. Equations are given 

 for the horizontal force and the vertical upHft force on the exposed cylinder. 



7. ALTERMAN, I., and HAMLIN, N., "Discussion on Wave Forces on Submerged Struc- 

 tures," Journal of the Hydraulic Division, Vol. 85, No. HY5, May 1959, pp. 183-185. 



Keywords: Submerged cylinder. Wave forces 



Proceedings Paper 1893, authored by E. F. Brater, J. S. McNown, and L. D. Stair, 

 November 1958, on the wave-induced forces on a cylinder located on a seabed is discussed 

 briefly. 



8. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, "Pipeline Location: Specifications for 

 Aerial Photography," Progress Report of the Task Committee on PipeHne Location, 

 Journal of the Pipeline Division, Vol. 90, No. PLl, Jan. 1964, pp. 7—12. 



Keywords: Aerial photos. Pipeline location 



An outline of specifications is presented to assure adequate quality in services contracted 

 with a commercial photogrammetric company for pipeline location and engineering 

 purposes. Specifications for aerial vertical photos (negatives and prints) and indexes of the 

 photos are given. 



9. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS, "Pipehne Location: Bibhography," 

 Progress Report of the Task Committee on Pipeline Location, Journal of the Pipeline 

 Division, Vol. 90, No. PLl, Jan. 1964, pp. 13-19. 



Keywords: Aerial photogrammetry, Bibhography, Pipeline location 



Bibliography covers reference material on all phases of pipeline location, including the 

 preliminary survey, electronic distance measurement, aerial photogrammetry, right-of-way 

 acquisition, legal aspects, type of terrain encountered, and general information sources. 



