in height (runup) rolled in about l8 to 20 minutes after the earthquake 

 (Chance, I968). The lack of recession of the water here may "be attrib- 

 uted to the probability that both land and water were uplifted about the 

 same extent in the same time (see lefthand side of Figure 3^). Further 

 to the southwest, along the greatly indented southeast coast of Kenai 

 Peninsula, on the subsidence side of the hinge line, initial withdrawals 

 of water were reported for Rocky Bay and Nuka Bay (Van Dorn, 196U; Chance, 

 1968). These initial withdrawals were more probably produced by the 

 differential stretch of the land caused by the horizontal earth movement 

 in a southerly direction (see Figure 16) resulting in an immediate drop 

 of sea level, than by any relative effect of the subsidence of the land 

 itself (see Figure 36). 



Seward, at the head of Resurrection Bay, experienced remarkable 

 effects referred to briefly here, but due for critical examination later 

 in this report. A massive horizontal shear of the seabed occurred along 

 the axis of Resurrection Bay. This was intimated briefly to the authors 

 by Captain Watkins of the Coast & Geodetic Survey ship Hodgson and was 

 confirmed in a verbal communication from Rusnak of the U. S. Geological 

 Survey in I967. The shear is almost presaged by the natural folding of 

 the contours along the flow lines of horizontal earth movement along the 

 axis of Resurrection Bay in the gross picture of Figure 16. Although 

 details of this bottom movement were not available to us and were ap- 

 parently unknown to Lemke (196T), we may speculate that the initial 

 counter-clockwise wave effects recorded at Seward (cf. Grantz, et al, 

 196k; Brown, I96U; Berg, et al, I96U; Plafker and Mayo, 1965; Chance, 

 1968; Lemke, I967) were a direct consequence of this shear. The first 

 wave of the main tsunami, however, rolled in on Seward about 25 minutes 

 after the earthquake, according to Lemke (1967), and was estimated to be 

 30 to Uo feet high as it neared the bay-head. An antecedent withdrawal 

 of water probably occurred in this area (Figure 36a). 



To the southwest, in the Kodiak Island region ("^igure l), initial 

 drawdown of the water table was reported for Port Williams , Af ognak 

 Village, and Uzinki (Berg, et al, 196^+); drawdown occurred also at Homer, 

 on Kenai Peninsula within Cook Inlet (Berg, et al, I96U). No initial 

 regression of water seems to have occurred, on the other hand, along the 

 southeast coast of Kodiak Island at such places as Saltery Cove, Old 

 Harbor, and Kaguyak (Berg, et al , I96H). An attempt to explain these 

 situations in terms of the inferred tectonic deformations taking place 

 over the Continental Shelf is shown in Figure 37. 



A detailed account of wave sequence and wave height at Kodiak is 

 available, thanks to the log kept by Lt. C. R. Barney of the U. S. Fleet 

 Weather Central at the Naval Base, Womens Bay, some 7 miles southwest of 

 Kodiak City. Lt. Barney's log, recorded here in Appendix A, is now well 

 documented (cf. Brown, I96U; Berg, et al, I96U; Tudor, 196k; Chance, I968; 

 Pararas-Carayannis , 1965; Plafker and Kachadoorian, I966; Kachadoorian and 

 Plafker, 1967; Spaeth and Berkman, I967). This log is the only such de- 

 tailed account for the earthquake area. Various plots of Barney's data have 

 been made, notably by Brown (I96U), Tudor (196^+), Pararas-Carayannis (1965); 

 and Kachadoorian and Plafker (1967). These all tend to disagree on certain 



51 



