in 1966 showed that it was heavily buttressed in cellular (plan) 

 formation as if specially built to withstand strong tidal surging. 



The hangar of Kodiak Airways wa^ed away and was still floating 30 

 miles offshore about one month after the quake. Lill's Cafe on Mission 

 Road floated away and ultimately wound up in a lagoon on Near Island 

 (Armstrong, 196^). 



Boats that were left dry on the channel bottom and in th'e boat harbor 

 were toppled and rolled; some became waterlogged and sank (Chance, I968). 

 All the markers and mooring buoys in the channel were washed away by this 

 "third" wave. It is probable that this wave or its counterpart coming 

 into the Inner Anchorage via the Gull Island entrance lifted the Alaska 

 King Crab cannery off its piles (Tudor, 196U) on the northwest side of the 

 Inner Anchorage, It floated until it lodged on the southwest breakwater 

 (Figure 102). 



The conflict of the waves reaching Kodiak via the Near Island channel 

 and the Gull Island entrance probably caused a maelstrom of writhing water 

 in and over the boat harbor which effectively destroyed the harbor and 

 carried surviving boats and flotsam into the low-lying area of Kodiak 

 City. Figure 103, a reconstruction of Kodiak after the tsunami, shows 

 contours of land level as they would have been after the earthquake and 

 before the arrival of the tsunami (dashline). It also shows (solid line) 

 contours of level marking the depredations of the tsunami as derived from 

 U. S. Army Corps of Engineers soundings. Hypothetical streamlines of 

 flow on this map suggest how the waves may have acted in the boat harbor. 

 The contour changes in the neighborhood of the breakwaters show the lee- 

 ward deposits from the main outpourings of the impounded water. 



Figure 103 shows also the probable paths of buildings in Kodiak 

 which were either lifted off their foundations by this "third" wave or 

 were battered to pieces by the ramming effect of boats and flotsam. 

 Because most people left the town after the "second" wave, and because 

 of darkness, little is known in detail about the damage done downtown 

 by the third and succeeding waves except the evidence found next morning. 

 As Figure 90 shows and Fig\are 38a indicates, the highest wave was yet to 

 come. This wave, probably the "fourth", was a composite of the second 

 tsunami crest (Figure 38c), the third shelf oscillation, sundry local 

 oscillations and the rising high tide. The effect was undoubtedly 

 similar to that of the "third" wave, and whatever had been weakened by 

 the "third" became prey for the "fourth". The torrents of water in the 

 channel made roaring and sucking noises, and horrible grinding sounds 

 accompanied the attrition of buildings and structures during the night 

 (Norton and Haas, I966; Chance, I968). 



James Barr, consulting engineer, Kodiak, surveyed the damage for 

 the Office of Civil Defense shortly after the quake; his rough results 

 are corrected and incorporated in Figure 103. The excellent photographs 

 of Alf Madsen have greatly assisted the preparation of this map. 



159 



