The appalling scene of destruction presented to the world on the 

 day following the earthquake is shown in Figures 107 and 108. The entire 

 waterfront was inundated by the high tide owing to the scour and general 

 subsidence of the land (Figure 107). 



North of Kodiak City the coast had to withstand the full brunt of 

 the tsunami inrush from the two sides of Woody Island. At Potato Patch 

 Lake the tsunami flooded into the lake (Figure 109). Many of the resi- 

 dences on the barrier between Shahafca Cove and the lake were washed into 

 the lake (Figure 110 ). As a result of the severe land erosion and general 

 subsidence, the lake is now a saltwater lagoon. 



Eight people died at Kodiak City during the tsunami. The economy of 

 the area was severely crippled. Total estimated property damage accord- 

 ing to the Office of Civil Defense was $31,279,000 (Tudor, I96M . Harbor 

 facilities suffered to the extent of $2,165,000; industry and commerce lost 

 $19,3^6,000; public property, $5,^+00,000; the fishing fleet, $2,i+i+0 ,000; 

 and private dwellings, $1,928,000. Nearly 100 vessels were lost or damaged. 

 Appendix E contains tabular information, giving further details of these 

 losses. 



3. Tsunami Damage at the U. S. Naval Station, Kodiak 



The U. S. Naval Station is about five miles southwest of Kodiak 

 City. Fortunately, considering 3,000 people were on the base at the time 

 of the quake, few were injured and only three died. The casualties may 

 well have been far higher had it not been for the tsunami warning received 

 from Cape Chiniak and broadcast on television and radio, allowing people 

 time to flee to higher ground. 



Figure 87b shows that the tsunami approach to Womens Bay from Chiniak 

 Bay would have been through comparatively shallow water. Nevertheless, 

 the arrival time (8:35 p.m.) of the first high wave (Figure 35a and 

 Appendix A) was ostensibly the same as that of the "second" wave at Kodiak 

 City. The reason for an earlier wave at Kodiak City and none at Womens 

 Bay has already been imputed to a northeast-southwest oscillation of the 

 quasi-basin forming St. Pauls Harbor. 



As at Kodiak City, the first large wave occurred as a fast-rising 

 tide, effectively the result of gradual flooding from a previous situa- 

 tion of only minor withdrawal if any. The first wave was photographed 

 in the sunset light and the extent of flooding is shown in Figures 111 

 and 112. These photographs show inundation at the head of Womens Bay 

 around the hangars of the Navy air terminal (Figure 113). In Figure llU 

 partial recession of the wave has taken place: leaving deposits of flotsam 

 on the seaplane ramps. Figure 113, based on an original drawing of the 

 Nyman Peninsula by the U. S. Navy, Kodiak (Kachadoorian and Plafker, 

 1967) shows the general extent of flooding of the Navy Base area. The 

 locations at which the photographs of Figures 111, 112, and ll^i- were 

 taken, as well as the locations of other photographs to which we shall 

 refer, are also shown. 



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