the entrance of Ugak Bay (Figures 128 and Ho). Here the coast coincides 

 approximately with the hinge line of zero vertical earth movement (see, 

 for example. Figures 33 and 8Ta). Plafker and Kachadoorian (1966) 

 record a runup height in this area of 31.5 feet above high spring tide 

 on the night of the earthquake, or about U2 feet above MLLW. Berg, et 

 3,1 (196U) also made measurements in this area and found a runup of 36. T 

 feet above MLLW at Beatty Ranch north of Narrow Cape, and debris marks to 

 an elevation of 66.6 feet above MLLW at a distance of about 2.5 nautical 

 niles west of Narrow Cape. Here the wave had cut a scarp in the muddy 

 sediments and considerable slumping of the scarp appeared to have taken 

 place subsequently. It is probable that the high wave effects around 

 Harrow Cape were the direct result of the concentration of wave energy 

 oy the refractive effects of Ugak Island (Figure Uo). 



In Shearwater Bay, a tributary bay of Kiliuda Bay, Kodiak Island 

 (Figures 128 and ^O), the Kodiak Fisheries cannery was almost completely 

 «rrecked by the earthquake and tsunami. The cannery was located on a 

 3road, roughly triangular cusp of land that jutted into Shearwater Bay 

 ( Plafker and Kachadoorian, I967 ) . Piling supports for the cannery had 

 Deen driven to refusal, 10 to 15 feet into unconsolidated, deltaic, 

 Deach deposits. These deposits subsided from 2 to 10 feet more than 

 the regional bedrock subsidence of i+ feet during the earthquake. Part 

 of the cannery was buoyed off the piles and destroyed by the seismic sea 

 leaves which ran up to an elevation of 23.5 feet above MLLW (Berg, et al, 

 L96U). Unbroken piles were severely tilted by the ground motion and sub- 

 sequent wave action. Driftpins in the piling tops were bent southward, 

 suggesting that the superstructure was probably carried away during a 

 ij&ve recession. 



Old Harbor (Figures 129 and kO) , at an almost central position on 

 Sitkalidak Strait between Kodiak Island and Sitkalidak Island, was almost 

 entirely destroyed by the tsunami , although apparently only one person 

 among its population of 19^ was drowned. With an audible roar, the 

 seismic sea waves entered the Strait along both the north and south sides 

 of Sitkalidak Island and had their confluence near Old Harbor, thus 

 :ausing an exceptionally high runup for such a seemingly protected area. 



According to Berg, et al (196U), a wave 2 to 3 feet high arrived 

 within 15 minutes of the earthquake, followed by a second wave within 

 LO to 15 minutes. This second wave was followed by a recession of 6 to 

 10 feet. Some 30 minutes later a larger bifurcated wave arrived from 

 north and south and inundated the village without causing damage. However, 

 after a partial recession, and only about 5 minutes later, another crest 

 swept into the village and floated off most of the houses. As indicated 

 by a stopped battery-powered clock, located just below the highest 

 »faterraark in the only remaining house of those inundated, this third and 

 highest wave crested at 9-57 p.m. Kachadoorian and Plafker (1967) give 

 the time of the damaging wave as 9=28 p.m. but make no reference to the 

 clock. A wave almost as high came in on the high tide about midnight. 



The maximum runup at Old Harbor varies from 22.5 to 30.5 feet above 

 MLLW (Berg, et al I96U). These measurements disagree with the estimate 



197 



