upporting piling snapped (Figure 219), Parts of the concrete wave 

 arrier under Citizens Dock were broken by log impacts and water forces 

 s the harbor filled and emptied. The piles under the approach trestle, 

 hich were encased in this barrier were carried away with the wall 

 Figure 220). 



The Button Dock survived with hardly any damage owing to the steel 

 traps and bolted connections between the decking and the pile caps and 

 he abundant cross-bracing. The ^absence of moored ships at this dock 

 Iso helped. 



The Sause Dock, abandoned for several years, was in a state of decay. 

 he decking, secured to the pile caps only with drift pins, was lifted 

 ad displaced. The piling and pile caps received most of the damage 

 ludor, I96U). 



Regarding structural damage in the downtown area of Crescent City, 

 tie following is quoted from Magoon (1965). 



"In searching for the reasons for the severity of structural 

 damage at Crescent City, it should be remembered that the primary 

 industry of the northwestern portion of the State is the produc- 

 tion of commercial lumber. Thus the majority of buildings are of 

 wood frame construction, many of which appeared' to have been built 

 a number of years ago. Prior to the tsunami, the coastal area to 

 the southeast of Crescent City and also the harbor shoreline were 

 covered with vast quantities of timber debris, including large 

 logs and tree stumps. 



"Severe damage was observed in areas where the tsunami ex- 

 ceeded i| to 6 feet above the ground surface (see Figure 210). 

 The water depth reached or exceeded 6 feet along the entire 

 length of Front Street , and about nine blocks of the main por- 

 tion of Crescent City. The majority of the one story wood 

 frame structures in this area were either totally destroyed 

 or damaged to such an extent that they were a menace to public 

 health and had to be torn down. It is the opinion of the 

 writer that the majority of the structural damage at Crescent 

 City was probably the result of one or a combination of three 

 conditions listed below. 



"The first, and probably the most damaging, was the impact 

 of logs, and other objects such as automobiles or baled lumber, 

 directly on structures . 



"This debris caused damage by either destroying the load 

 carrying capacity of walls or by bending or breaking relatively 

 light unprotected columns and allowing subsequent failure. The 

 effect of debris is highly indeterminate. For example, the 

 debris may build up in front of a structure to such an extent 

 that the debris actually forms a shield against further damage. 



341 



