Figure 37. Typical example of the cracking and spalling occurring in a 

 4-inch-IDx6-inch-long glass pipe with aluminum end-closure 

 plates externally pressurized to 20,000 psi. 



Figure 38. Shear cracks result in the spalling off of the portion of the pipe 

 flange greater in diameter than the outside diameter of the main 

 section of the pipe (4-inch-l D x 6-inch-long pipe with titanium 

 end-closure plates externally pressurized to 20,000 psi). 



37 



