TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page 



List of Tables vii 



List of Figures ix 



I. INTRODUCTION 1 



II . SUMMARY 3 



A. LONG-RANGE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS 3 



B . MID -RANGE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS 6 



C. SHORT-RANGE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS 8 



III. FUNDAMENTALS REVIEW 11 



A. GENERAL 11 



B. SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION 13 



C. SYSTEM METHODS 15 



D. RF PROPAGATION 18 

 E . RANGE CONSIDERATIONS 23 

 F. ACCURACY 25 



IV. LONG-RANGE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS 31 



A. CELESTIAL NAVIGATION 33 



B. CONSOL AND CONSOLAN 34 



C. RADIO DIRECTION FINDING (RDF) 45 



D. DECCA 49 



E. LORAN-A 58 



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