ec. 4 Dec. 1972 - 2 Jan. 1973. Visual wave observations, available for 15 
days of the 27-day interval, indicate that waves arrived oblique to the shore- 
line more than half of the time reported. Height and number of observations 
indicate transport from north to south was predominant. The MSL shoreline re- 
ceded at all groin cells during the interval with slightly less erosion at the 
south end of two of the cells. The MSL shoreline position changed little in 
cell C while the above MSL sand volume increased in the same cell indicating 
berm building over the interval. 
d. 2 Jan. - 13 Feb. 1973. A pattern of change was reestablished in the 
groin cells during this interval indicating transport from north to south at 
the time of measurement. Visual wave observations were made for 27 days of the 
43-day period. Only 10 of these are indicated as providing an oblique approach 
(6 from north, 4 from south). Observations from the Atlantic City recording 
station show that winds were from the northwest during much of the interval 
with several periods of southerly winds (Fig. 26). The latter caused waves 
from the southwest. A northeast storm occurred about 9 February causing the 
largest waves of the interval (1.25 to 1.50 meters) from that direction and 
was probably the important influence on the observed changes. The measured 
beach topography for each of these dates is shown in Figure 27(a) and (b) with 
the regions of erosion and deposition shown in (c). The topography and change 
directly adjacent to the groins have been estimated. The map of the difference 
between the two topographies shows the pattern of erosion. Each cell eroded on 
the northern side and accreted on the southern side. There was a net loss in 
sand volume during the interval suggesting that sand was moved offshore or 
elsewhere out of the range of the survey measurements. 
e. 13 Feb. - 17 Apr. 1973. Beach changes during these four intervals 
showed no particular pattern by groin cell attributable to available wave 
and wind data. Visual wave observations, recorded daily for more than 90 
percent of the interval, suggest that the predominant transport is from north 
to south. 
f. 17 Apr. - 11 June 1973. Almost half (25 of 54) of the visual wave 
observations during this interval indicate the predominant transport direction 
should be toward the north, and this is reflected in the pattern of change 
observed in the groin field. The north side of each cell accreted while the 
south side eroded. There was a net gain in sand volume throughout the groin 
field with cell A showing general accretion from side to side. 
The pattern of change in each groin cell for the entire study interval 
(28 Aug. 1972 to 11 June 1973) is shown in Figure 28(a) and (b) for MSL shore- 
line and above MSL volume, respectively. They compare the mean change in each 
groin cell with the net change for each profile. The data are not sufficient 
for statistical tests of significant difference; however, the standard deviation 
(sd) about the mean is indicated on the southernmost profile line of each cell 
(i.e., profile lines 24, 27, 30). The fact that the same pattern of change is 
shown in each groin cell indicates that the measured response is real and that 
the groins have influenced the littoral transport process. The mean change in 
each cell was greater than zero indicating that, over the period of measurement, 
the beach experienced a net accretion. The mean increase in above MSL volume, 
for instance, was greatest in cell B (28 cubic meters per meter) and least in 
cell A (5 cubic meters per meter). The mean increase in cell C was 22 cubic 
02 
