After the March 1962 storm, emergency measures were necessary to rebuild 
the dune along 5,790 meters of shoreline. Approximately 182,220 cubic meters 
of sand was used to reconstruct a dune 3.0 to 3.7 meters above MSL. This 
restoration program was completed by late April 1962, 5 months before the first 
BEP survey. Sidecast dredging of Barnegat Inlet has continued on an annual or 
semiannual basis since 1972. Some of the dredged material was placed directly 
on the beach in the vicinity of profile lines 1 and 2. No other documented 
beach nourishment projects were carried out on Long Beach Island until the sum- 
mer of 1979 when dredged material from the Barnegat channel was discharged 
along the shore to form a feeder beach at the north end of the island. Nourish- 
ment, then, has not been a factor in the evaluation of beach changes. 
Table 2 provides a comprehensive list of storm events, compiled from 
various sources, for the study period. The record of storm data collected 
by the National Climatic Center (NCC) was reviewed for the period 1962 to 1973 
for events that indicated a coastal impact such as high tides, coastal flooding 
and coastal erosion. Locations were not specifically indicated in this source. 
Tropical storms and hurricanes were obtained from Newmann, et al. (1978). Those 
events were selected which passed close enough to Long Beach Island to have an 
expected effect. Other historical documents indicating storms or occurrences 
of significant coastal impact were U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia 
(1974), Ho, et al. (1976), DeWall (1979), and Birkemeier (1980). 
Wind records from the NCC recording station at Atlantic City for the study 
period were sorted to determine the occurrences of winds greater than 54 kilo- 
meters per hour. The average monthly distribution of these severe winds is 
shown in Figure 10. This tabulation covers the period from 1965 to 1973, during 
which winds were recorded at 3-hour intervals. The distribution is decidedly 
seasonal but probably underestimates the actual time of severe winds along the 
beach since the recording station is located several miles inland. A 22-year 
record of winds at the Atlantic City station shows that most of the stormwinds 
are from the northeast, followed in frequency of occurrence by winds from the 
east (U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia, 1974). 
The Atlantic City NCC recording station is located at the Aviation Facili- 
ties Experiment Station, 16 kilometers inland from Atlantic City (Fig. 1). 
An analysis performed by the U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia (1974) 
shows that the number of annual storm hours (e.g., the number of hours the 
recorded wind velocity was 51 kph or greater during a 24-hour period when the 
average velocity was 40 kph or greater) significantly decreased when the wind 
recording station was moved inland. Wind data are also recorded by the Coast 
Guard observers at Barnegat Light. These data are available in raw form from 
NCC but were not used in this study since analysis of the storm response re- 
quired only that the event be identified and the Atlantic City data were suffi 
cient for that purpose. 
A total of 77 identified storm events occurred during the study period 
(Table 2 ). Column five in Table 2 indicates that the response of the beach 
during these storms was, in most cases, highly variable. This column is the 
volume change between survey periods averaged along the entire beach; the sec- 
ond number is the variance. The average change cannot be taken as a quantita- 
tive measure of sand movement since the profile lines were not evenly distrib- 
uted along the beach. The sign of the number and its relative magnitude does, 
32 
