Generally, beaches at profile lines 1 and 14 to 18 are wide and 

 flat; profile lines 2 to 13 are narrow and steep with a well-defined 

 convex-upward profile shape. Whereas, profile lines 2 to 8 and 14 to 

 17 tend to be active, profile lines 9 to 13 tend to be inactive. These 

 characteristics were maintained throughout the course of the study; 

 however, individual profile lines have changed somewhat in shape. 

 These two general types of shapes are exemplified in comparisons of 

 profile lines 1 and 9 (Figs. 21 and 22). 



Profile line 1 has accreted phenomenally, especially from the berm 

 area seaward. Also, the beach has become even flatter in appearance. 



It is difficult to assess natural beach processes in Virginia 

 Beach (profile lines 2 to 5) because of the presence of the concrete 

 bulkhead behind the beach, and because of the influence of the beach 

 nourishment program. None of the profile lines in this area have 

 changed much in appearance, although profile lines 4 and 5 have eroded 

 slightly above the berm and accreted slightly from just below the 

 berm area to MLW. 



At Dam Neck, profile lines 6 and 8 have accreted somewhat in the 

 dune area. At profile line 6, it is now necessary to dig down into 

 the sand to find the survey pipe [in September 1974 the pipe height 

 was 0.4 meter above the sand level; in November 1976 the pipe was 0.2 

 meter below the sand level) , resulting in a prevailing concave- 

 upward shape . 



Profile line 7 has accrfeted slightly, especially in the area of the 

 berm, but remains otherwise unchanged. 



In the Sandbridge area profile line 9 has maintained a slight overall 

 erosional trend over the survey location, while profile line 10 has 

 'accreted in the foredune area and eroded from the berm area seaward. 



In the Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge area (profile lines 11 to 

 15) , possibly the most dramatic change in shape has taken place at 

 profile line 12 between pipe 1 and the narrow front foredune. Here the 

 wind has blown sand into an area that had been scoured out, and while 

 the area has not been entirely filled, the change has been significant. 

 Profile line 11 has lost sand from the base of the dune seaward; 

 profile lines 12 and 15 have remained virtually unchanged in shape. 

 Profile lines 13 and 14 have accreted from the dune to the berm area, 

 and eroded from the berm seaward. 



In False Cape, profile line 16 has accreted at the top of the dune, 

 and remains otherwise almost unchanged. Profile line 17 has built up 

 from the Raydist pole (location of pipe 1) to the base of the dune and 



77 



