began to rebuild. The beaches at profile lines 2 (Virginia Beach) , 

 8 (Dam Neck) , 9 (Sandbridge) , and 11 (Back Bay) usually experienced 

 overall total erosion from the base of the foredune seaward. The 

 remaining profile lines were usually erosional only in the berm 

 area. 



In the Virginia Beach area (especially profile line 3), the 

 berm appears to be "moving" seaward. This is probably due to the 

 effects of sand pumping (beach nourishment) in the area. 



Since wave-induced, dune-scarp erosion was negligible during this 

 study, nothing can be said here about the dunes as storage and replace- 

 ment for beach wave erosion. However, there was significant wind 

 erosion (from southwesterly winds) in the narrow foredune (5 meters 

 wide) adjacent to profile line 12. This wind erosion resulted in a 

 "breakthrough" in this dune from the landward side about halfway 

 through the study, and significant eolian transport through this 

 opening was subsequently observed. Also, it was apparent that 

 significant eolian transport was occurring in both onshore and off- 

 shore directions through this opening, and resulted in significant 

 infilling between pipe 1 and the front foredune. This infilling 

 occurred from both the beach and the back part of the island, and 

 further supports Leatherman's (1976) studies on Assateague (as dis- 

 cussed in Section IV, 6) . 



VII. SUMMARY 



1. Characteristics of Southeastern Virginia Beaches . 



The extensive data reported in this study may be succinctly 

 summarized as follows: 



(a) The shore in this area is characterized by two reaches of 

 net accretion, separated by one reach of net erosion. Cape 

 Henry (profile line 1) at the north end and False Cape 

 State Park (profile lines 15 and 18) at the south end are 

 accreting at an average rate of 4.9 cubic meters per meter 

 per year while the reach from Dam Neck to Back Bay (profile 

 lines 8 to 15) is eroding at an average rate of -4.7 cubic 

 meters per meter per year (Figs. 13 and 14 and Table 11). 



(b) Most profile lines underwent large monthly volume changes 

 relative to total net volume changes (App. I). Statisti- 

 cally significant (at 99 percent level) 27-month accretional 

 trends are delineated at profile lines 1, 14, 16, and 18, 



