and statistically significant erosional trends are delineated 

 at profile lines 3, 6, 9, and 11 (Table 7 and App. B) . 



(c) When combined with older survey data at 14 of the same 18 

 locations, the same erosion and accretion trends are apparent 

 at most locations for the past 8 years, which encompasses 



a time of greater storm-induced erosion (1972-1974] than 

 the 1974-1976 VIMS-CERC study (Table 8 and App. C) . 



(d) The erosion and accretion measured at these locations cor- 

 relate well with the observed beach morphology, with wide, 

 low-gradient, active beaches at the ends of the study area, 

 and narrow, steep, relatively inactive beaches in the 

 middle (Figs. 21, 22, and 23). 



(e) The ridge and runnel features which characterize the post- 

 storm rebuilding of beaches in many localities were totally 

 absent in the study area. 



(f) The 27-month study period was a time of relatively low 

 storm-induced beach erosion, when compared with beach 

 surveys measured during the 1972-1974 time period. Two 

 moderate storms (25 November 1975 and 1 July 1975) caused 

 erosion, which varied widely in amount and time of recovery 

 among the survey locations . 



(g) Analysis of both the 27-month and long-term profile data by 

 Frisch (1977) indicated a seasonal cycle of beach changes in 

 southeast Virginia which is dominated by erosion in the fall. 

 Between 1972 and 1976, the average percent time of erosion in 

 the fall was 65 percent. Fall is defined by Frisch (1977) as 

 late September through late December. 



(h) There was no apparent relation between beach response and the 

 four major usage types defined for this area (commercial, 

 residential, military, and natural) (Table 10). 



(i) The Virginia Beach commercial area would be erosional without 

 the extensive sand nourishment which is necessary for the 

 maintenance of the commercial beaches. 



2 . Coastal Engineering Implications . 



It is important to understand the basic processes of the area to 

 undertake any remedial measurements. Remedial measures, in the form 



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