islands, and is indented landward in the middle of the islands. The Ludlam 

 Beach shoreline, as measured normal to a N. 30° E. axis of the island, is 

 plotted in Figure 21, As shown, the shoreline is divided into five sectors: 

 the north and south protrusions (the two inlet protrusions) , the central 

 protrusion (the protrusion of lesser magnitude in the center of the island) , 

 and the north and south indentations (the indentations north and south of the 

 central protrusion) . Figure 21 also shows the shoreline orientation at each 

 profile line, measured relative to the axial line. With the exception of the 

 profile lines near the inlets, the orientation of the shoreline is within 10° 

 of the general orientation of the island. 



The dotted curve in Figure 21 is an extrapolated shoreline extending about 

 300 feet landward of the central protrusion near the Sea Isle City groin field. 

 The straight line distance between north and south protrusions is about 31,000 

 feet; the maximum amplitude from the line of the embayment between protrusions 

 is about 1,600 feet at the north indentation. Measured from the Ludlam Beach 

 axis, the north protrusion is greater than the south protrusion (1,770 versus 

 900 feet), a characteristic of barrier islands in southern New Jersey. 



2. Profile Shape . 



Profiles obtained in 1963, 1970, and 1971 for the months of January, March, 

 April, August, and October are shown in Figures 22 to 25. The zero horizontal 

 distance on the figures is the MSL shoreline intercept at the time the profile 

 was obtained, removing the effect of net shoreline change. As shown, Ludlam 

 Beach profiles are generally slightly concaved-up near the shoreline, with a 

 summer and fall berm. The beach is backed by dunes except at the Strathmere 

 and Sea Isle City bulkheads. 



Two aspects of beach profile change are considered: (a) the change in shape 

 of the profile, due to storms, accretionary periods, and seasonal and yearly 

 sand redistributions; and (b) the change in position of the profile due to long- 

 term erosion or accretion of the shore. The relatively high-frequency changes 

 in profile shape are, thus, superimposed on the less rapid changes of the pro- 

 file position. Figures 22 to 25 show the variation, if any, in profile shape, 

 but not position, over an 8-year period. 



The beach width averaged for 1963, 1970, and 1971, using the profiles in 

 Figures 22 to 25, is illustrated in Figure 26. The seasonal change in mean 

 beach width for all profile lines ranged between 258 and 267 feet. No signifi- 

 cant change in mean beach width was observed between the 1963 and 1970 profiles. 

 Beach width ranged from 90 feet (profile line 1) to 360 feet (profile line 5) . 



Changes in the foreshore slope along the coast are also shown in Figure 26 

 where the slope is taken as rise/run from the shoreline landward to the first 

 noticeable change in topography. The mean slope of all profiles varied from 

 0.028 to 0.030 between the seasons given in Figures 22 to 25. Between the 

 1962-63 and the 1970-71 profiles, the average foreshore slope remained the same. 

 The range of the average slope on different profile lines varied from 0.022 

 (profile lines 5 and 6) to 0.039 (profile line 1). 



3. Shoreline Position Changes . 



a. 1842-1955 Changes . Figure 27 shows the Ludlam Beach shoreline for six 

 surveys from 1842 to 1955. The data indicate that the Ludlam Beach shoreline 



35 



