^^^jm^^^^^J^^^^'^^^^L^ 



Figure 5. Outcrop of consolidated peat at profile line 16. 



broken shells, and heavy minerals, predominantly pink garnet and ilmenite. 

 Much of the sand is reworked beach material, transported to Ludlam Beach from 

 the north (Colony, 1932; Caldwell, 1966). However, in an offshore sediment 

 study near Atlantic City, Frank and Friedman (1973) concluded that the Conti- 

 nental Shelf has been the source of some of the central New Jersey beach 

 material . 



4. Civil Works History . 



Beach erosion control and rehabilitation measures began on Ludlam Beach 

 as early as 1920. In 1922 the State of New Jersey began a program to assist 

 communities and property owners in the construction of shore protection 

 structures. The Federal Government began participating in beach projects in 

 1930. Erosion control efforts have included the placement of groins and bulk- 

 heads at Sea Isle City and Strathmere. The entire ocean front of the island 

 was rehabilitated following severe storms in 1962 and 1964 (U.S. Army Engineer 

 District, Philadelphia, 1966). 



Groins. In 1974, Ludlam Beach had 17 groins ^ 



some constructed as early 

 The groin system at Sea 



as 1920, located in Sea Isle City and in Strathmere 

 Isle City extended from 500 feet north of profile line 11 (30th Street) to 

 1,000 feet south of profile line 15 (47th Street), a distance of about 6,000 

 feet (Fig. 4). At Strathmere, the groins extend along the south shore of 

 Corson Inlet, west of profile line 1 to 400 feet north of profile line 4. 



The history and characteristics of the Sea Isle City groins are shown in 

 Figure 6 and Table 1. Seven groins, the first to be constructed at Sea Isle 

 City, were completed in 1923. Although deteriorated, they remained until re- 

 moved in a 1944 hurricane. A single stone groin (No. 3 in Fig. 6) constructed 



19 



