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CONVERSION FACTORS, U.S. CUSTOMARY TO METRIC (SI). . , 9 



SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS 10 



I INTRODUCTION 13 



II LUDLAM BEACH LOCALITY 13 



1. Physical Setting 13 



2. Coastal Exposure and Bathymetry 16 



3. Beach Sediment 18 



4. Civil Works History 19 



5. Wind, Wave, and Tide Data 21 



III PROCEDURE 30 



1. Beach Profiles 30 



2. Aerial Photos 33 



IV ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 34 



1. Shoreline Shape 34 



2. Profile Shape 35 



3. Shoreline Position Changes 35 



4 . Volume Changes 42 



5. Alongshore Redistribution of Beach Material 53 



6. Profile Envelopes 53 



7. Overwash Deposition 58 



8. Submarine Bars 58 



9. Outcrops of Organics 64 



10. Inlet Changes 65 



V IMPLICATIONS FOR COASTAL PROCESSES 73 



1 . Beach Shape 73 



2. Alongshore Sand Movement 74 



3. Onshore and Offshore Sand Movement 79 



VI IMPLICATIONS FOR COASTAL ENGINEERING . 83 



1. Beach Fill 83 



2. Inlet Behavior 85 



3. Effects of the Sea Isle City Groins 90 



4. Sea Level Rise 93 



5 . Beach Surveys 94 



VII SUMMARY 96 



LITERATURE CITED 97 



APPENDIX 



A DEFINITIONS OF PROFILE GEOMETRY 101 



B PROFILE LINE LOCATIONS, LUDLAM BEACH 104 



C SHORELINE CHANGES, OCTOBER 1962 TO JULY 1972 125 



D SAND VOLUME CHANGES ABOVE MSL, OCTOBER 1962 TO JULY 1972 .... 136 



