Yearly gains or losses of sand to the subaerial 

 terized, to some extent, by the number and severity 

 However, yearly wave power for waves exceeding 4 fee 

 only partially related to yearly sand volume change 

 Yearly wave power exceeding 2.8 x 10^° foot-pounds p 

 sufficient to cause a net sand loss. The poor relat 

 power and yearly sand volume change is probably the 

 on specific storms which cause most of the net sand 



beach appear to be charac- 

 of fall and winter storms, 

 t in height appears to be 

 as shown in Figure 66. 

 er foot -year is apparently 

 ionship between yearly wave 

 result of insufficient data 

 loss . 



-4 T 



1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 

 (Yr) 



Figure 66. Yearly wave power for waves 



exceeding 4 feet in height at 

 Atlantic City, showing the 

 relationship between yearly 

 wave power and yearly sand 

 volume change above MSL. 



Data from this study are insufficient to determine the effects of repetitive 

 storms (Figs. 30 and 31). Survey data from the only successive storms recorded 

 indicate a slightly lower loss of 1.5 cubic yards per foot of sand from the 

 second storm (19 February 1972) than the first storm (4 February 1972) when 1.9 

 cubic yards per foot was lost. For the same storms on western Long Island, 

 Everts (1973) calculated a loss of 5.1 and 6.7 cubic yards per foot for the 

 first and second storms, respectively. Everts, DeWall, and Czerniak (1974) 

 measured losses of 4.0 and 6.4 cubic yards per foot, respectively, for the two 

 storms on the north coast of Absecon Island (Fig. 1). The two February storms 

 were about equal in intensity and duration (Everts, 1973). 



The shape of the cumulative sand volume plots (Fig. 35) was similar at all 

 20 profile lines and relatively consistent from year to year. Much of the 

 average seasonal change (18 cubic yards per foot) must have been the result of 

 onshore-offshore exchange. Such onshore-offshore movement has been observed 



81 



