Two general procedures for artificial beach restoration and improvement 

 are stockpiling and direct placement (Hall and Watts, 1957). Stockpiling is 

 the establishment and periodic nourishment of a volume of suitable beach mate- 

 rial at the updrift sector of a problem area. Direct placement is restoration 

 by fill placed along the entire eroded sector. Fill may be placed above MSL, 

 below MSL, or at both. 



a. Stockpiling . Stockpiling would probably be effective on Ludlam Beach 

 because of the predominance of north-to-south longshore transport (Fig. 63). 

 September would be the best month for stockpiling material at the north end 

 of a problem area. From then until May, material could be expected to move 

 south. The time interval after placement, during which a net southward move- 

 ment would occur, would decrease until May. Between June and August material 

 would move in a net north direction. 



Transport reversals are also a consideration in siting a stockpile at the 

 north end of the island. A longshore transport nodal point may exist about 

 1,500 feet south of the northern tip of the island. As evidenced by wave 

 approach angle on the beach and on the submarine bar (Fig. 31), north of the 

 nodal point net south-to-north longshore transport probably predominates. The 

 nodal point appears to occur farther south (2,000 feet south of the north end 

 of the island) on the submarine bar. Tidal currents adjacent to Corson Inlet 

 also appear to significantly influence sediment transport in this region. 



b. Direct Placement . Direct placement of beach material might also be an 

 effective measure in stabilizing the coast in the shoreline indentation north 

 and south of the Sea Isle City groin system. The volume loss rate from the 

 filled beaches above MSL would probably decrease from north to south through 

 the filled region because the updrift fill areas would provide sand to nourish 

 downdrift fill areas. This condition was observed by Everts, DeWall, and 

 Czerniak (1974) at Atlantic City after two beach fills (1963 and 1970). The 

 loss rate, which was 0.25 cubic yard per foot -day per lineal foot of beach 



at the north end of the fill area, decreased at a rate of 0.0002 cubic yard 

 per foot-day per lineal foot of beach in a southerly direction through the fill 

 area. 



The region at the north end of the island (Fig. 40, profile line 1) is 

 eroding so severely (-6.8 cubic yards per foot-year) that artificial fill placed 

 there would probably be rapidly lost unless the nourishment was accompanied by 

 some form of fixed structure. The material in this inlet region is lost during 

 storms (Fig. 32) . Although the inlet migration trend from 1842 to 1955 was to 

 the north, it was reversed from 1949 to 1974, moving an average 92 feet per year 

 south (Fig. 56). 



c. Time of Fill Placement . The behavior and effectiveness of artificial 

 fill is time-dependent. Movement alongshore from north to south is predominant 

 from September to May. This parallel-to-shore transport, as previously discussed 

 is especially important when using the stockpile method of fill placement. 

 Onshore-offshore sediment movement should also be considered in planning beach 

 nourishment projects. A significant seasonal loss of sand may be anticipated 

 between October and May (Fig. 33) . From May to October the sand returns to the 

 beaches from offshore sources. This seasonal onshore-offshore movement at 

 Ludlam Beach averages 18 cubic yards per foot. 



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