storm erosion, shallow nearshore sandbars (ridge and runnel topography) 

 (King and Williams, 1949) are common and may migrate shoreward eventually 

 welding to the beach (Davis, in preparation, 1975). Brief descriptions 

 of the geomorphology at the 17 sites are included in Section V of this 

 report . 



IV. METHOD 



1. Profiling Method . 



The technique for measuring beach profiles is essentially that 

 described by Emery (1961). The only equipment used is a pair of wooden 

 stakes, 5 feet long and graduated at 0.1-foot intervals. The method 

 requires at least two persons although it is desirable to have a third 

 to record the data. 



The survey was started at a bench mark using a metal pipe or wooden 

 stake. The height of the stake above ground level was noted to recognize 

 any accumulation or erosion to the surface adjacent to the stake. The 

 direction of the profile (perpendicular to the beach) was visually 

 approximated. Horizontal distances were measured with a 5-foot stake, 

 and topographic changes less than 5 feet in horizontal distance were 

 recorded to the nearest foot. Vertical changes were determined by lining 

 up the horizon with the top of the lakeward stake and noting the difference 

 to the nearest 0.05 foot on the landward stake. Horizontal changes were 

 referenced to the bench mark; vertical measurements were referenced to 

 the lake level at the time of the first survey which was 579.4 feet MWL. 

 Measurements were made by a hand level in case of fog or ice ridges which 

 could prohibit sighting of the horizon. 



2. Profiling Format and Dates Visited . 



Each of 17 beach sites was visited once every 4 weeks, and the routine 

 for data collection remained fairly constant. The basic format was as 

 follows : 



(a) Location of the monument and determination of the need 

 of an auxiliary stake if the permanent stake was in danger of 

 removal by erosion. 



(b) Profiling the beach to the plunge step, if possible, 

 using the technique by Emery (1961). During late fall storms 

 it was sometimes impossible to profile to the desired terminus. 



(c) As each profile was surveyed, notations were made of 

 topographic and sedimentologic features on the profile. These 

 included small wave-cut features, ridge and runnel development, 

 gravel accumulation, heavy mineral concentrations, and 

 driftwood or other debris. 



